feat: allow overrides of installed components in case of embargoed CVEs

[timmy-wright]

What type of PR is this?

/kind feature

What this PR does / why we need it:

This PR adds the ability to specify overrides to AgentBaker components.json so that Microsoft has the capability of building VHDs with fixes for embargoed CVEs without having the details of the CVE in a public GIT repository. This means that when an embargoed VHD is announced, the AKS team can have the VHDs prepared, rolled out globally, and ready for use ahead of our usual release schedule.

A PR to add a README file to the aks-rp repo is here: https://msazure.visualstudio.com/CloudNativeCompute/_git/aks-rp/pullrequest/10610435

PRD links:

• short wiki: https://msazure.visualstudio.com/CloudNativeCompute/_wiki/wikis/personalplayground/699564/Embargoed-VHDs
• long word: https://microsoft.sharepoint.com/:w:/t/SIGNodeLifecycle/EdcrgPGTq6xOv1-EQoICer8Bo-7jiZh7uFMGrmAd8o4Yxw?e=FCBvRM

Screen snapshot of "run pipeline" screen

Screen snapshot of overrides being applied during a build

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:

Fixes #

Requirements:

• uses conventional commit messages
• includes documentation
• adds unit tests
• tested upgrade from previous version

Special notes for your reviewer:

Release note:

none

[coveralls]

Pull Request Test Coverage Report for Build 10362481300

Details

• 0 of 0 changed or added relevant lines in 0 files are covered.
• No unchanged relevant lines lost coverage.
• Overall coverage remained the same at 71.005%

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Totals
Change from base Build 10360530555:	0.0%
Covered Lines:	2564
Relevant Lines:	3611

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💛 - Coveralls