np: use asarray where possible with atleast_Xd to mimic ndmin feature

src/gstools/krige/base.py

@@ -383,9 +383,7 @@ def _pre_ext_drift(self, pnt_cnt, ext_drift=None, set_cond=False):
             the drift values at the given positions
         """
         if ext_drift is not None:
-            ext_drift = np.array(
-                ext_drift, dtype=np.double, ndmin=2, copy=False
-            )
+            ext_drift = np.atleast_2d(np.asarray(ext_drift, dtype=np.double))
             if ext_drift.size == 0:  # treat empty array as no ext_drift
                 return np.array([])
             if set_cond:

src/gstools/tools/geometric.py

@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ def generate_st_grid(pos, time, mesh_type="unstructured"):
     if mesh_type != "unstructured":
         pos = generate_grid(pos)
     else:
-        pos = np.array(pos, dtype=np.double, ndmin=2, copy=False)
+        pos = np.atleast_2d(np.asarray(pos, dtype=np.double))
     out = [np.repeat(p.reshape(-1), np.size(time)) for p in pos]
     out.append(np.tile(time, np.size(pos[0])))
     return np.asarray(out, dtype=np.double)
@@ -552,7 +552,7 @@ def format_unstruct_pos_shape(pos, shape, check_stacked_shape=False):
     # now we try to be smart
     pre_len = len(np.atleast_1d(pos))
     # care about 1D: pos can be given as 1D array here -> convert to 2D array
-    pos = np.array(pos, dtype=np.double, ndmin=2, copy=False)
+    pos = np.atleast_2d(np.asarray(pos, dtype=np.double))
     post_len = len(pos)
     # first array dimension should be spatial dimension (1D is special case)
     dim = post_len if pre_len == post_len else 1
@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ def ang2dir(angles, dtype=np.double, dim=None):
         the array of direction vectors
     """
     pre_dim = np.asanyarray(angles).ndim
-    angles = np.array(angles, ndmin=2, dtype=dtype, copy=False)
+    angles = np.atleast_2d(np.asarray(angles, dtype=dtype))
     if len(angles.shape) > 2:
         raise ValueError(f"Can't interpret angles array {angles}")
     dim = angles.shape[1] + 1 if dim is None else dim

src/gstools/variogram/variogram.py

@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ def vario_estimate(
            John Wiley & Sons. (2007)
     """
     if bin_edges is not None:
-        bin_edges = np.array(bin_edges, ndmin=1, dtype=np.double, copy=False)
+        bin_edges = np.atleast_1d(np.asarray(bin_edges, dtype=np.double))
         bin_centers = (bin_edges[:-1] + bin_edges[1:]) / 2.0
     # allow multiple fields at same positions (ndmin=2: first axis -> field ID)
     # need to convert to ma.array, since list of ma.array is not recognised
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ def vario_estimate(
     # set directions
     dir_no = 0
     if direction is not None and dim > 1:
-        direction = np.array(direction, ndmin=2, dtype=np.double, copy=False)
+        direction = np.atleast_2d(np.asarray(direction, dtype=np.double))
         if len(direction.shape) > 2:
             raise ValueError(f"Can't interpret directions: {direction}")
         if direction.shape[1] != dim:
@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ def vario_estimate_axis(
         if not config.USE_RUST:
             mask = np.asarray(mask, dtype=np.int32)
     else:
-        field = np.array(field, ndmin=1, dtype=np.double, copy=False)
+        field = np.atleast_1d(np.asarray(field, dtype=np.double))
         missing_mask = None  # free space
 
     axis_to_swap = AXIS_DIR[direction] if direction in AXIS else int(direction)