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update: add definitely non-nullable types documentation
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sarahhaggarty committed Aug 16, 2023
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35 changes: 35 additions & 0 deletions docs/topics/generics.md
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Expand Up @@ -322,6 +322,41 @@ fun <T> copyWhenGreater(list: List<T>, threshold: T): List<String>
The passed type must satisfy all conditions of the `where` clause simultaneously. In the above example, the `T` type
must implement _both_ `CharSequence` and `Comparable`.

## Definitely non-nullable types

To make interoperability with generic Java classes and interfaces easier, Kotlin supports declaring a generic type parameter
as **definitely non-nullable**.

To declare a generic type `T` as definitely non-nullable, declare the type with `& Any`. For example: `T & Any`.

A definitely non-nullable type must have a nullable [upper bound](#upper-bounds).

The most common use case for declaring definitely non-nullable types is when you want to override a Java method that
contains `@NotNull` as an argument. For example, consider the `load()` method:

```java
import org.jetbrains.annotations.*;

public interface Game<T> {
public T save(T x) {}
@NotNull
public T load(@NotNull T x) {}
}
```

To override the `load()` method in Kotlin successfully, you need `T1` to be declared as definitely non-nullable:

```kotlin
interface ArcadeGame<T1> : Game<T1> {
override fun save(x: T1): T1
// T1 is definitely non-nullable
override fun load(x: T1 & Any): T1 & Any
}
```

When working only with Kotlin, it's unlikely that you will need to declare definitely non-nullable types explicitly because
Kotlin's type inference takes care of this for you.

## Type erasure

The type safety checks that Kotlin performs for generic declaration usages are done at compile time.
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30 changes: 30 additions & 0 deletions docs/topics/jvm/java-to-kotlin-nullability-guide.md
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Expand Up @@ -116,6 +116,36 @@ on a value of a non-nullable type.

Learn more about [calling Java from Kotlin in regard to null-safety and platform types](java-interop.md#null-safety-and-platform-types).

## Support for definitely non-nullable types

In Kotlin, if you want to override a Java method that contains `@NotNull` as an argument, you need Kotlin's definitely
non-nullable types.

For example, consider this `load()` method in Java:

```java
import org.jetbrains.annotations.*;

public interface Game<T> {
public T save(T x) {}
@NotNull
public T load(@NotNull T x) {}
}
```

To override the `load()` method in Kotlin successfully, you need `T1` to be declared as definitely
non-nullable (`T1 & Any`):

```kotlin
interface ArcadeGame<T1> : Game<T1> {
override fun save(x: T1): T1
// T1 is definitely non-nullable
override fun load(x: T1 & Any): T1 & Any
}
```

Learn more about generic types that are [definitely non-nullable](generics.md#definitely-non-nullable-types).

## Checking the result of a function call

One of the most common situations where you need to check for `null` is when you obtain a result from a function call.
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3 changes: 2 additions & 1 deletion docs/topics/null-safety.md
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Expand Up @@ -227,4 +227,5 @@ val intList: List<Int> = nullableList.filterNotNull()

## What's next?

Learn how to [handle nullability in Java and Kotlin](java-to-kotlin-nullability-guide.md).
* Learn how to [handle nullability in Java and Kotlin](java-to-kotlin-nullability-guide.md).
* Learn about generic types that are [definitely non-nullable](generics.md#definitely-non-nullable-types).

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