[Develop] Use headers in Best_tip_prover.verify

[georgeee]

Twin of:

• Use headers in Best_tip_prover.verify #16489

Use headers in Best_tip_prover.verify.
Use of block-containing structures there is completely unjustified.

This eases integration with Proof_cache_tag.t, and was separately implemented in bitswap workstream.

A step towards Use Proof_cache_tag.t in Ledger_proof.t #16469.

Explain how you tested your changes:

• It's a refactoring that doesn't change any behavior
• It compiles :)

Checklist:

• Dependency versions are unchanged
  • Notify Velocity team if dependencies must change in CI
• Modified the current draft of release notes with details on what is completed or incomplete within this project
• Document code purpose, how to use it
  • Mention expected invariants, implicit constraints
• Tests were added for the new behavior
  • Document test purpose, significance of failures
  • Test names should reflect their purpose
• All tests pass (CI will check this if you didn't)
• Serialized types are in stable-versioned modules
• Does this close issues? None

[georgeee]

!ci-build-me

[georgeee]

!ci-build-me