Add measure functions for MCMs in X, Y and arbitrary measurement basis

[lillian542]

Note: I also added docs rendering in this PR (I meant to in the previous one), so we should include the docs rendering for the ftqc module in the review process

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Context:
In the existing architecture of PennyLane, if a MCM returns a value that we would like to manipulate/use following the measurement, the MCM needs to be stored in a MeasurementValue. For the computational basis, qml.measure is the function that creates an MCM, links it to a MeasurementValue, and returns the MeasurementValue for use.

We've added a base class for creating MCMs in bases other than the computational basis to the ftqc module, but it doesn't have this functionality yet.

Description of the Change:
We add ftqc.measure_arbitrary_basis, ftqc.measure_x, and ftqc.measure_y, analogous to qml.measure.
Additionally, we add classes XMidMeasureMP and YMidMeasureMP (used in the x and y measurement functions), as subclasses of ParametrizedMidMeasureMP.

Benefits:

• the measure functions allow us to easily return a measurement value and use or manipulate is, as in:

    m = measure_y(0)
    qml.cond(m, qml.RX)(2.345, 1)

• designated classes for X and Y basis measurements will simplify logic in creating MBQC circuits, which rely mostly on X and Y basis MPs
• designated classes for X and Y basis measurements allows them to be labelled clearly as X or Y (instead of XY-plane) measurements will improve circuit visualization

[sc-83347]

[multiphaseCFD]

Thank you @lillian542 . LGTM!

[joeycarter]

Looks good to me, nice work! 🚀

Just had a few final editorial fixes and thoughts.

[mlxd]

Thanks a bunch @lillian542
No concerns from my side

[multiphaseCFD]

Thanks @lillian542 for the nice work!