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Merge pull request #50 from JostMigenda/release_v1.3
Release v1.3
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@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ documentation.pdf | |
*.aux | ||
*.bbl | ||
*.blg | ||
*.dvi | ||
*.fdb_latexmk | ||
*.fls | ||
*.log | ||
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\newcommand{\nuxbar}{\ensuremath{\bar{\nu}_x}\xspace} | ||
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\title{Documentation for sntools 1.2\footnote{See \url{https://github.com/JostMigenda/sntools} for the most recent version.}} | ||
\title{Documentation for sntools 1.3\footnote{See \url{https://github.com/JostMigenda/sntools} for the most recent version.}} | ||
\author{Jost Migenda\footnote{King’s College London, \url{[email protected]}}} | ||
\date{\today} | ||
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@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ \subsection{Quick Start Guide} | |
\begin{description} | ||
\item[\texttt{--format <value>}] Format of input file(s). See section~\ref{sec:input-formats}. | ||
\item[\texttt{--output <value>}] Name of the output file. | ||
\item[\texttt{--mcformat <value>}] Format of output file. Can be 1) \texttt{NUANCE} (used e.\,g. by Hyper-Kamiokande), 2) \texttt{RATPAC} (used e.\,g. by WATCHMAN) or 3) \texttt{JUNO_ROOT} (used by the JUNO internal software) \footnote{For a description of these formats see \url{http://neutrino.phy.duke.edu/nuance-format/} and \url{https://rat.readthedocs.io/en/latest/generators.html\#external.}\footnote{For more details on the JUNO SNEvent internal structure, contact \url{[email protected]}.}.} | ||
\item[\texttt{--mcformat <value>}] Format of output file. Can be \texttt{NUANCE} (used e.\,g. by Hyper-Kamiokande), \texttt{RATPAC} (used e.\,g. by SNO+ and WATCHMAN) or \texttt{JUNO\_ROOT} (used by the JUNO internal software).\footnote{For a description of these formats see \url{http://neutrino.phy.duke.edu/nuance-format/} and \url{https://rat.readthedocs.io/en/latest/generators.html\#external}. For more details on the JUNO SNEvent internal structure, contact \url{[email protected]}.} | ||
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\item[\texttt{--detector <value>}] Detector configuration. See section~\ref{sec:detector-configurations}. | ||
\item[\texttt{--channel <value>}] Interaction channel to generate events for. See section~\ref{sec:interaction-channels}. | ||
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\subsection{Detector Materials} | ||
sntools currently supports three detector materials: water, liquid scintillator and water-based liquid scintillator. | ||
Water is assumed to consist of an oxygen-16 nucleus and two hydrogen nuclei (free protons). | ||
Generic liquid scintillator is assumed to consist of $n$ carbon-12 nuclei and $2n$ hydrogen nuclei (free protons). In addition, linear alkylbenzene (LAB) is available as a liquid scintillator material and assumes a molecular structure of C$_6$H$_5$C$_n$H$_{2n+1}$ where $n$ is between 9-14 (95\% 9-12) \cite{anderson2021development}. For JUNO, a dedicated LAB density has been implented to match with the LAB mass and detector volume of JUNO. | ||
Water-based liquid scintillator is assumed to be a mixture of $x\,\%$ liquid scintillator and $(100-x)\,\%$ water. | ||
Generic liquid scintillator is assumed to consist of $n$ carbon-12 nuclei and $2n$ hydrogen nuclei (free protons). | ||
In addition, two specific liquid scintillators\footnote{both linear alkylbenzene (LAB), a mixture of C$_6$H$_5$C$_n$H$_{2n+1}$ molecules with $9<n<14$} are implemented, which match the materials used in SNO+~\cite{anderson2021development} and JUNO. | ||
Water-based liquid scintillator is assumed to be a mixture of $x\,\%$ generic liquid scintillator and $(100-x)\,\%$ water. | ||
%Each material supports the appropriate detection channels presented in section~\ref{sec:interaction-channels}. | ||
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The detector material doesn’t need to be specified explicitly; it is determined by the detector configuration. | ||
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\subsubsection{\texttt{ps}: Neutrino-Proton Scattering} | ||
In liquid scintillator, neutrino-proton scattering ($\nu + p \rightarrow \nu + p$) is an additional available subdominant interaction channel. The recoiling proton energy spectrum is soft meaning the deposited energy in the detector is relatively low ($<5$~MeV). These protons are invisible in water as they're below the Cherenkov threshold. Furthermore, the slow heavily ionizing protons lose energy very quickly, quenching the effective signal. Despite this, over a realistic detection threshold ($\mathcal{O}(100)$s~keV), the neutrino-proton scattering yield can be the second largest available to liquid scintillator detectors below IBD. | ||
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Neutrino-proton scattering is a neutral current interaction and is available to all (anti-)neutrino flavours. The proton recoil spectrum can also provide spectral information about the incoming neutrino, which could solve a long-standing problem of how to separately measure the total energy and temperature of $\nu_{\mu}$, $\nu_{\tau}$, $\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$, and $\bar{\nu}_{\tau}$ \cite{beacom2002detection}. | ||
Neutrino-proton scattering is a neutral-current interaction and is available to all (anti-)neutrino flavours. The proton recoil spectrum can also provide spectral information about the incoming neutrino, which could solve a long-standing problem of how to separately measure the total energy and temperature of $\nu_{\mu}$, $\nu_{\tau}$, $\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$, and $\bar{\nu}_{\tau}$ \cite{beacom2002detection}. | ||
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In sntools, the implementation of neutrino-proton scattering is based a prediction by Beacom, Farr, and Vogel \cite{beacom2002detection}. Here the cross-section is calculated directly from the Standard Model, which has been extensively verified by GeV-scale experiments \cite{ahrens1987measurement}. | ||
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For a typical supernova neutrino flux, the difference in the resulting event spectra when using the four groups instead of all 42 nuclear states is very small. | ||
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\subsubsection{\texttt{o16nc\_n} and \texttt{o16nc\_p}: Neutral-Current Interactions on $^{16}$O} | ||
In water, neutral-current interactions on $^{16}$O nuclei are a subdominant interaction channel that neutrinos and antineutrinos of all flavours contribute to equally. | ||
The largest contribution to this channel comes from events where a single neutron or proton\footnote{ | ||
Since the energy of the emitted proton is below the Cherenkov threshold, it cannot be detected in water Cherenkov detectors. | ||
Therefore, sntools generates \texttt{o16nc\_p} events only for WbLS detectors. | ||
However, \texttt{o16nc\_n} events \textit{are} generated also in water Cherenkov detectors, since the neutron capture signal is potentially detectable. | ||
} is emitted, | ||
\begin{align} | ||
\nu + \/^{16}\text{O} \rightarrow \nu' + &^{16}\text{O}^*\\ | ||
\Rightarrow &^{16}\text{O}^{*} \rightarrow X + n\\ | ||
\nu + \/^{16}\text{O} \rightarrow \nu' + &^{16}\text{O}^*\\ | ||
\Rightarrow &^{16}\text{O}^{*} \rightarrow X + p. | ||
\end{align} | ||
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In sntools, the cross sections for these interactions is based on the theoretical calculations tabulated in~\cite{Suzuki2018}. | ||
The energy distribution of the outgoing particle is unknown. | ||
In the current implementation, the energy is simply taken to be a random fraction of the available neutrino energy above threshold. | ||
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\subsubsection{\texttt{c12e} and \texttt{c12eb}: Charged-Current Interactions on $^{12}$C} | ||
In liquid scintillator, charged-current interactions of \nue and \nuebar on $^{12}$C nuclei, | ||
\begin{align} | ||
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