[BugFix] Fix the NPE issue with cast filter condition querying the JDBC data source (backport #56306)

[mergify]

Why I'm doing:

Fix the NPE issue with cast filter condition querying the JDBC data source

MySQL [mytest]> desc aaa;
+-------+------------+------+-------+---------+-------+---------+
| Field | Type       | Null | Key   | Default | Extra | Comment |
+-------+------------+------+-------+---------+-------+---------+
| id    | BIGINT     | No   | false | NULL    |       |         |
| sss   | VARCHAR(5) | No   | false | NULL    |       |         |
+-------+------------+------+-------+---------+-------+---------+

select * from aaa where cast(sss as int) = 30;

java.lang.NullPointerException: Cannot invoke "com.starrocks.analysis.TypeDef.toString()" because the return value of "com.starrocks.analysis.CastExpr.getTargetTypeDef()" is null
        at com.starrocks.sql.analyzer.AstToStringBuilder$AST2StringBuilderVisitor.visitCastExpr(AstToStringBuilder.java:1117) ~[starrocks-fe.jar:?]
        at com.starrocks.sql.analyzer.AstToStringBuilder$AST2StringBuilderVisitor.visitCastExpr(AstToStringBuilder.java:182) ~[starrocks-fe.jar:?]
        at com.starrocks.analysis.CastExpr.accept(CastExpr.java:240) ~[starrocks-fe.jar:?]
        at com.starrocks.sql.ast.AstVisitor.visit(AstVisitor.java:93) ~[starrocks-fe.jar:?]
        at com.starrocks.sql.ast.AstVisitor.visit(AstVisitor.java:89) ~[starrocks-fe.jar:?]
        at com.starrocks.sql.analyzer.AstToStringBuilder$AST2StringBuilderVisitor.printWithParentheses(AstToStringBuilder.java:1493) ~[starrocks-fe.jar:?]
        at com.starrocks.sql.analyzer.AstToStringBuilder$AST2StringBuilderVisitor.visitBinaryPredicate(AstToStringBuilder.java:1086) ~[starrocks-fe.jar:?]
        at com.starrocks.sql.analyzer.AstToStringBuilder$AST2StringBuilderVisitor.visitBinaryPredicate(AstToStringBuilder.java:182) ~[starrocks-fe.jar:?]
        at com.starrocks.analysis.BinaryPredicate.accept(BinaryPredicate.java:251) ~[starrocks-fe.jar:?]
        at com.starrocks.sql.ast.AstVisitor.visit(AstVisitor.java:93) ~[starrocks-fe.jar:?]
        at com.starrocks.sql.ast.AstVisitor.visit(AstVisitor.java:89) ~[starrocks-fe.jar:?]
        at com.starrocks.sql.analyzer.AstToStringBuilder.toString(AstToStringBuilder.java:175) ~[starrocks-fe.jar:?]
        at com.starrocks.planner.JDBCScanNode.createJDBCTableFilters(JDBCScanNode.java:143) ~[starrocks-fe.jar:?]
        at com.starrocks.planner.JDBCScanNode.computeColumnsAndFilters(JDBCScanNode.java:74) ~[starrocks-fe.jar:?]
        at com.starrocks.sql.plan.PlanFragmentBuilder$PhysicalPlanTranslator.visitPhysicalJDBCScan(PlanFragmentBuilder.java:1905) ~[starrocks-fe.jar:?]
        at com.starrocks.sql.plan.PlanFragmentBuilder$PhysicalPlanTranslator.visitPhysicalJDBCScan(PlanFragmentBuilder.java:428) ~[starrocks-fe.jar:?]
        at com.starrocks.sql.optimizer.operator.physical.PhysicalJDBCScanOperator.accept(PhysicalJDBCScanOperator.java:35) ~[starrocks-fe.jar:?]
        at com.starrocks.sql.plan.PlanFragmentBuilder$PhysicalPlanTranslator.visit(PlanFragmentBuilder.java:496) ~[starrocks-fe.jar:?]
        at com.starrocks.sql.plan.PlanFragmentBuilder$PhysicalPlanTranslator.translate(PlanFragmentBuilder.java:443) ~[starrocks-fe.jar:?]
        at com.starrocks.sql.plan.PlanFragmentBuilder.createPhysicalPlan(PlanFragmentBuilder.java:247) ~[starrocks-fe.jar:?]
        at com.starrocks.sql.StatementPlanner.createQueryPlan(StatementPlanner.java:279) ~[starrocks-fe.jar:?]
        at com.starrocks.sql.StatementPlanner.plan(StatementPlanner.java:140) ~[starrocks-fe.jar:?]
        at com.starrocks.sql.StatementPlanner.plan(StatementPlanner.java:101) ~[starrocks-fe.jar:?]
        at com.starrocks.qe.StmtExecutor.execute(StmtExecutor.java:604) ~[starrocks-fe.jar:?]
        at com.starrocks.qe.ConnectProcessor.handleQuery(ConnectProcessor.java:394) ~[starrocks-fe.jar:?]
        at com.starrocks.qe.ConnectProcessor.dispatch(ConnectProcessor.java:605) ~[starrocks-fe.jar:?]
        at com.starrocks.qe.ConnectProcessor.processOnce(ConnectProcessor.java:943) ~[starrocks-fe.jar:?]
        at com.starrocks.mysql.nio.ReadListener.lambda$handleEvent$0(ReadListener.java:69) ~[starrocks-fe.jar:?]
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1136) ~[?:?]
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:635) ~[?:?]
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:833) ~[?:?]

What I'm doing:

What type of PR is this:

• BugFix
• Feature
• Enhancement
• Refactor
• UT
• Doc
• Tool

Does this PR entail a change in behavior?

• Yes, this PR will result in a change in behavior.
• No, this PR will not result in a change in behavior.

If yes, please specify the type of change:

• Interface/UI changes: syntax, type conversion, expression evaluation, display information
• Parameter changes: default values, similar parameters but with different default values
• Policy changes: use new policy to replace old one, functionality automatically enabled
• Feature removed
• Miscellaneous: upgrade & downgrade compatibility, etc.

Checklist:

• I have added test cases for my bug fix or my new feature
• This pr needs user documentation (for new or modified features or behaviors)
  • I have added documentation for my new feature or new function
• This is a backport pr

[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
0 New issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
0.0% Coverage on New Code
0.0% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarQube Cloud