Fix: The issue of startup failure caused by upgrading the iceberg version.

[lintingbin]

Why are the changes needed?

Close #3261.

Brief change log

• Expand the scope of the try statement so that exceptions during the data query and deserialization phases can also be caught.

How was this patch tested?

• Add some test cases that check the changes thoroughly including negative and positive cases if possible

• Add screenshots for manual tests if appropriate

• Run test locally before making a pull request

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? no
• If yes, how is the feature documented? (not applicable / docs / JavaDocs / not documented)

[zhoujinsong]

LGTM.

Thanks for the contribution!