branch-3.0: [Chore](schema-change) return error when tablet_schema get null function #46790

[github-actions]

Cherry-picked from #46790

[Thearas]

Thank you for your contribution to Apache Doris.
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Please clearly describe your PR:

1. What problem was fixed (it's best to include specific error reporting information). How it was fixed.
2. Which behaviors were modified. What was the previous behavior, what is it now, why was it modified, and what possible impacts might there be.
3. What features were added. Why was this function added?
4. Which code was refactored and why was this part of the code refactored?
5. Which functions were optimized and what is the difference before and after the optimization?

[Thearas]

run buildall

[doris-robot]

TPC-H: Total hot run time: 40743 ms

machine: 'aliyun_ecs.c7a.8xlarge_32C64G'
scripts: https://github.com/apache/doris/tree/master/tools/tpch-tools
Tpch sf100 test result on commit a1fa3ee7395a202f9b7e12a5692bf092dd0c63af, data reload: false

------ Round 1 ----------------------------------
q1	17574	7338	7248	7248
q2	2072	176	159	159
q3	10591	1104	1155	1104
q4	10561	737	754	737
q5	7733	2847	2786	2786
q6	232	146	143	143
q7	973	612	595	595
q8	9366	1968	1979	1968
q9	6669	6504	6480	6480
q10	7061	2364	2312	2312
q11	454	264	266	264
q12	400	211	204	204
q13	18100	2966	2981	2966
q14	265	206	206	206
q15	575	516	519	516
q16	732	617	617	617
q17	979	530	544	530
q18	7237	6676	6619	6619
q19	1401	1052	995	995
q20	486	208	207	207
q21	4001	3142	3108	3108
q22	1098	1011	979	979
Total cold run time: 108560 ms
Total hot run time: 40743 ms

----- Round 2, with runtime_filter_mode=off -----
q1	7246	7231	7218	7218
q2	328	227	242	227
q3	2936	2950	2945	2945
q4	2024	1899	1848	1848
q5	5759	5712	5733	5712
q6	225	137	140	137
q7	2253	1805	1863	1805
q8	3372	3535	3542	3535
q9	8840	8826	8884	8826
q10	3567	3549	3527	3527
q11	605	493	515	493
q12	800	595	596	595
q13	9231	3123	3179	3123
q14	297	274	268	268
q15	580	530	534	530
q16	714	701	684	684
q17	1845	1602	1600	1600
q18	8182	7731	7754	7731
q19	1662	1593	1612	1593
q20	2141	1880	1883	1880
q21	5631	5288	5376	5288
q22	1147	1006	1028	1006
Total cold run time: 69385 ms
Total hot run time: 60571 ms

[doris-robot]

TPC-DS: Total hot run time: 196709 ms

machine: 'aliyun_ecs.c7a.8xlarge_32C64G'
scripts: https://github.com/apache/doris/tree/master/tools/tpcds-tools
TPC-DS sf100 test result on commit a1fa3ee7395a202f9b7e12a5692bf092dd0c63af, data reload: false

query1	1298	935	907	907
query2	6256	2070	2039	2039
query3	10838	4307	4216	4216
query4	66148	28119	23460	23460
query5	4955	450	468	450
query6	396	169	171	169
query7	5473	318	307	307
query8	322	227	238	227
query9	8340	2693	2659	2659
query10	437	263	273	263
query11	16795	15224	15685	15224
query12	178	104	112	104
query13	1373	498	443	443
query14	10796	6671	6611	6611
query15	213	183	185	183
query16	7046	533	508	508
query17	1083	589	580	580
query18	1923	331	318	318
query19	204	164	156	156
query20	117	119	111	111
query21	216	107	110	107
query22	4693	4376	4335	4335
query23	34802	34154	34294	34154
query24	6145	2921	2919	2919
query25	535	423	426	423
query26	666	173	170	170
query27	1897	349	371	349
query28	4027	2510	2455	2455
query29	715	481	452	452
query30	257	180	167	167
query31	1026	832	863	832
query32	70	55	57	55
query33	392	289	278	278
query34	899	497	507	497
query35	861	739	737	737
query36	1104	946	968	946
query37	121	73	73	73
query38	4158	4124	3982	3982
query39	1506	1558	1491	1491
query40	206	98	101	98
query41	49	47	49	47
query42	108	98	98	98
query43	542	495	507	495
query44	1162	815	813	813
query45	186	176	166	166
query46	1138	748	738	738
query47	2040	1940	1934	1934
query48	479	378	391	378
query49	714	389	394	389
query50	840	436	425	425
query51	7298	7300	7180	7180
query52	100	87	86	86
query53	254	177	181	177
query54	584	484	457	457
query55	77	74	77	74
query56	260	243	235	235
query57	1224	1131	1104	1104
query58	211	207	206	206
query59	3191	2910	2864	2864
query60	262	248	256	248
query61	108	104	138	104
query62	771	659	680	659
query63	213	190	194	190
query64	1375	691	656	656
query65	3246	3229	3201	3201
query66	707	308	298	298
query67	16224	15542	15584	15542
query68	3871	590	593	590
query69	457	276	257	257
query70	1088	1159	1105	1105
query71	408	257	254	254
query72	6383	3987	4141	3987
query73	771	349	347	347
query74	10235	8962	8988	8962
query75	3356	2671	2638	2638
query76	1870	954	1127	954
query77	488	267	273	267
query78	10634	9586	9568	9568
query79	1569	593	589	589
query80	980	423	414	414
query81	523	240	245	240
query82	209	115	113	113
query83	165	146	143	143
query84	284	80	75	75
query85	976	294	283	283
query86	402	291	302	291
query87	4446	4361	4314	4314
query88	3987	2423	2363	2363
query89	417	286	287	286
query90	1970	190	188	188
query91	182	150	148	148
query92	64	49	49	49
query93	2138	550	558	550
query94	793	290	295	290
query95	355	258	258	258
query96	619	280	281	280
query97	3361	3197	3197	3197
query98	213	202	197	197
query99	1602	1293	1313	1293
Total cold run time: 316666 ms
Total hot run time: 196709 ms

[doris-robot]

ClickBench: Total hot run time: 33.48 s

machine: 'aliyun_ecs.c7a.8xlarge_32C64G'
scripts: https://github.com/apache/doris/tree/master/tools/clickbench-tools
ClickBench test result on commit a1fa3ee7395a202f9b7e12a5692bf092dd0c63af, data reload: false

query1	0.04	0.03	0.03
query2	0.06	0.03	0.03
query3	0.23	0.07	0.06
query4	1.63	0.10	0.11
query5	0.50	0.52	0.50
query6	1.14	0.72	0.73
query7	0.03	0.02	0.02
query8	0.04	0.03	0.03
query9	0.56	0.51	0.50
query10	0.55	0.57	0.56
query11	0.15	0.10	0.10
query12	0.15	0.11	0.11
query13	0.61	0.59	0.59
query14	2.94	2.92	3.03
query15	0.90	0.83	0.83
query16	0.38	0.38	0.39
query17	0.99	1.03	1.10
query18	0.24	0.22	0.23
query19	1.92	1.81	1.95
query20	0.01	0.01	0.02
query21	15.38	0.59	0.58
query22	2.62	2.18	1.71
query23	16.96	0.89	0.89
query24	3.03	1.46	1.77
query25	0.28	0.13	0.15
query26	0.47	0.14	0.13
query27	0.04	0.05	0.04
query28	9.59	1.12	1.06
query29	12.57	3.22	3.21
query30	0.24	0.06	0.06
query31	2.87	0.38	0.38
query32	3.25	0.46	0.48
query33	3.01	3.05	3.06
query34	17.29	4.43	4.49
query35	4.51	4.53	4.59
query36	0.65	0.51	0.50
query37	0.09	0.06	0.06
query38	0.05	0.03	0.03
query39	0.04	0.02	0.02
query40	0.16	0.12	0.13
query41	0.08	0.03	0.03
query42	0.03	0.02	0.02
query43	0.03	0.03	0.03
Total cold run time: 106.31 s
Total hot run time: 33.48 s