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feat(vex): retrieve VEX attestations from OCI registries (#7249)
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| # Discover VEX Attestation in OCI Registry | ||
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| !!! warning "EXPERIMENTAL" | ||
| This feature might change without preserving backwards compatibility. | ||
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| Trivy can discover VEX attestations for container images. | ||
| This feature allows you to automatically use VEX during container image scanning. | ||
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| ## How It Works | ||
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| Trivy can automatically discover and utilize VEX attestations for container images during scanning by using the `--vex oci` flag. | ||
| This process enhances vulnerability detection results by incorporating the information from the VEX attestation. | ||
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| To use this feature, follow these three steps: | ||
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| 1. Create a VEX document | ||
| 2. Generate and upload a VEX attestation to an OCI registry | ||
| 3. Use the VEX attestation with Trivy | ||
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| Steps 1 and 2 are not necessary if you are trying to scan a third-party container image and already have VEX attestation attached. | ||
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| Let's go through each step in detail. | ||
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| !!! note | ||
| In the following examples, the `cosign` command will write an attestation to a target OCI registry, so you must have permission to write. | ||
| If you want to avoid writing an OCI registry and only want to see an attestation, add the `--no-upload` option to the cosign command. | ||
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| ### Step 1: Create a VEX Document | ||
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| Currently, Trivy does not have a built-in feature to create VEX documents, so you need to create them manually. | ||
| You can refer to the [OpenVEX section](./file.md#openvex) for guidance on creating VEX files. | ||
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| For container image vulnerabilities, the product ID should be the OCI type in the [PURL][purl] format. | ||
| For example: | ||
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| ``` | ||
| pkg:oci/trivy?repository_url=ghcr.io/aquasecurity/trivy | ||
| ``` | ||
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| This product ID applies the VEX statement to all tags of the `ghcr.io/aquasecurity/trivy` container image. | ||
| If you want to declare a statement for a specific digest only, you can use: | ||
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| ``` | ||
| pkg:oci/trivy@sha256:5bd5ab35814f86783561603ebb35d5d5d99006dcdcd5c3f828ea1afb4c12d159?repository_url=ghcr.io/aquasecurity/trivy | ||
| ``` | ||
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| !!! note | ||
| Using an image tag, like `pkg:oci/trivy?repository_url=ghcr.io/aquasecurity/trivy&tag=0.50.0`, is not supported in the product ID at the moment. | ||
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| Next, specify vulnerable packages as subcomponents, such as `pkg:apk/alpine/busybox`. | ||
| You can also include the package version and other [qualifiers][qualifiers] (e.g., `arch`) to limit statements, like `pkg:apk/alpine/[email protected]?arch=x86`. | ||
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| Lastly, include the vulnerability IDs. | ||
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| Here's an example VEX document: | ||
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| ```json | ||
| { | ||
| "@context": "https://openvex.dev/ns/v0.2.0", | ||
| "@id": "https://openvex.dev/docs/public/vex-2e67563e128250cbcb3e98930df948dd053e43271d70dc50cfa22d57e03fe96f", | ||
| "author": "Aqua Security", | ||
| "timestamp": "2024-07-30T19:07:16.853479631-06:00", | ||
| "version": 1, | ||
| "statements": [ | ||
| { | ||
| "vulnerability": { | ||
| "name": "CVE-2023-42363" | ||
| }, | ||
| "products": [ | ||
| { | ||
| "@id": "pkg:oci/trivy?repository_url=ghcr.io/aquasecurity/trivy", | ||
| "subcomponents": [ | ||
| {"@id": "pkg:apk/alpine/busybox"}, | ||
| {"@id": "pkg:apk/alpine/busybox-binsh"} | ||
| ] | ||
| } | ||
| ], | ||
| "status": "not_affected", | ||
| "justification": "vulnerable_code_cannot_be_controlled_by_adversary", | ||
| "impact_statement": "awk is not used" | ||
| } | ||
| ] | ||
| } | ||
| ``` | ||
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| You can also refer to [Trivy's example](https://github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/blob/4e54a7e84c33c1be80c52c6db78c634bc3911715/.vex/oci.openvex.json) for more inspiration. | ||
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| ### Step 2: Generate and Upload a VEX Attestation to an OCI Registry | ||
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| You can use the [Cosign command](https://docs.sigstore.dev/verifying/attestation/) to generate and upload the VEX attestation. | ||
| Cosign offers methods both with and without keys. | ||
| For detailed instructions, please refer to the Cosign documentation. | ||
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| To generate and attach a VEX attestation to your image, use the following command: | ||
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| ``` | ||
| $ cosign attest --predicate oci.openvex.json --type openvex <IMAGE> | ||
| ``` | ||
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| Note that this command attaches the attestation only to the specified image tag. | ||
| If needed, repeat the process for other tags and digests. | ||
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| ### Step 3: Use VEX Attestation with Trivy | ||
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| Once you've attached the VEX attestation to the container image, Trivy can automatically discover and use it during scanning. | ||
| Simply add the `--vex oci` flag when scanning a container image: | ||
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| ``` | ||
| $ trivy image --vex oci <IMAGE> | ||
| ``` | ||
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| To see which vulnerabilities were filtered by the VEX attestation, use the `--show-suppressed` flag: | ||
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| ``` | ||
| $ trivy image --vex oci --show-suppressed <IMAGE> | ||
| ``` | ||
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| The `<IMAGE>` specified in these commands must be the same as the one to which you attached the VEX attestation. | ||
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| [purl]: https://github.com/package-url/purl-spec | ||
| [qualifiers]: https://github.com/package-url/purl-spec/blob/master/PURL-TYPES.rst |
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