core/vm, go.mod: update uint256 and use faster method to write to memory (#30868)

[minh-bq]

commit ethereum/go-ethereum@5c58612.

Updates geth to use the uint256 v1.3.2, and use faster memory-writer to speed up MSTORE.

goos: linux
goarch: amd64
pkg: github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm
cpu: 11th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-1165G7 @ 2.80GHz
           │   old.txt   │               new.txt               │
           │   sec/op    │   sec/op     vs base                │
OpMstore-8   18.18n ± 8%   12.58n ± 8%  -30.76% (p=0.000 n=10)

Link: holiman/uint256#190

[minh-bq]

On CI the PR shows slight improvement in more general benchmarks

goos: linux
goarch: amd64
pkg: github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm
cpu: AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor                
                          │   old.txt    │              new.txt               │
                          │    sec/op    │   sec/op     vs base               │
EvmInsertionSort-4          82.51m ± 10%   77.01m ± 3%  -6.67% (p=0.001 n=10)
EvmQuickSort-4              5.146m ±  1%   4.999m ± 1%  -2.86% (p=0.002 n=10)
EvmSignatureValidation-4    11.58µ ±  2%   11.50µ ± 1%       ~ (p=0.247 n=10)
EvmMulticallErcTransfer-4   4.765m ±  1%   4.729m ± 1%       ~ (p=0.063 n=10)
EvmRedBlackTree-4           225.6m ±  2%   223.6m ± 2%       ~ (p=0.123 n=10)
geomean                     5.554m         5.421m       -2.41%