add a title to communicating.md

part2/communicating.md

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# Memes: Communicating With Cyborgs
+
 It is my contention that the most interesting form of cyborg-native communication occurs in the form of memes. Originally formulated by Richard Dawkins in his 1989 book _The Selfish Gene_, _memes_, for Dawkins, were a way to understand cultural artifacts in terms of evolution; a meme is “an idea, behavior, or style that spreads from person to person within a culture.” Memes thrive in dense, highly-networked atmospheres; they are reproduced, imitated, mimed and appropriated as they disperse across social realities — changing ever so slightly along the way, which, in turn, eventually creates entirely new cultural artifacts — just as science understands life itself to replicate itself but also modify itself over time according to external and internal pressures.
 
 The Internet is thus naturally a breeding ground for memes; on the Internet memes mostly exist as various Photoshopped or text-imposed images, text (“copypastas”), cartoons, and videos that are imitated or transformed by other Internet users — cyborgs. 
@@ -84,7 +86,7 @@ Syntactically, the name of the group is derived from a series of remix videos, r
 
 <iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/o0zqF3l0TsI" frameborder="0"> </iframe>
 
-The meme “went viral,” however, after “Avoid at All Costs” uploaded a remix, [“The Entire Bee Movie but Every Time They Say Bee it Gets Faster,”][10] on November 17, 2016, which for whatever reason — perhaps related to the aforementioned affection meme communities have to heavily ironic forms appropriation and remixing, elicited 11 million of its <json-data url="https://www.googleapis.com/youtube/v3/videos?part=statistics&id=E6iN6VTL7v8&key=AIzaSyDCB83CUUQyTj0KQ08fkrULK6OI4X-9k7U" path="$.items.0.statistics.viewCount" regex="(\d)(?=(\d\d\d)+(?!\d))" replace="$1,"></json-data> views within the first month, and has spun thousands of imitators and remixers, ranging from [“The ENTIRE BEE MOVIE But Only The Word Bee In It”][11] (<json-data url="https://www.googleapis.com/youtube/v3/videos?part=statistics&id= TByiofHaEKk&key=AIzaSyDCB83CUUQyTj0KQ08fkrULK6OI4X-9k7U" path="$.items.0.statistics.viewCount" regex="(\d)(?=(\d\d\d)+(?!\d))" replace="$1,"></json-data> views) to [“bee movie trailer but every bee is replaced with you like jazz [a quote from the film] and it gets louder and it zooms in”][12][12] (<json-data url="https://www.googleapis.com/youtube/v3/videos?part=statistics&id=QituC5rS6hM&key=AIzaSyDCB83CUUQyTj0KQ08fkrULK6OI4X-9k7U" path="$.items.0.statistics.viewCount" regex="(\d)(?=(\d\d\d)+(?!\d))" replace="$1,"></json-data> views) to [“bee movie trailer but everytime someone says bee is replaced with trump saying china”][13] (<json-data url="https://www.googleapis.com/youtube/v3/videos?part=statistics&id=vf59uegxY8o&key=AIzaSyDCB83CUUQyTj0KQ08fkrULK6OI4X-9k7U" path="$.items.0.statistics.viewCount" regex="(\d)(?=(\d\d\d)+(?!\d))" replace="$1,"></json-data> views) to [“Shrek but everytime someone blinks it gets faster”][14] (<json-data url="https://www.googleapis.com/youtube/v3/videos?part=statistics&id=52ovTVMyoeQ&key=AIzaSyDCB83CUUQyTj0KQ08fkrULK6OI4X-9k7U" path="$.items.0.statistics.viewCount" regex="(\d)(?=(\d\d\d)+(?!\d))" replace="$1,"></json-data> views) to [“The Cat In The Hat’ Movie But Every Time Something Weird Or Pedophilic Happens It Speeds Up By 5%”][15] (<json-data url="https://www.googleapis.com/youtube/v3/videos?part=statistics&id=qXY5NIbSFRw&key=AIzaSyDCB83CUUQyTj0KQ08fkrULK6OI4X-9k7U" path="$.items.0.statistics.viewCount" regex="(\d)(?=(\d\d\d)+(?!\d))" replace="$1,"></json-data> views) — which condenses the film down to just 15 minutes.
+The meme “went viral,” however, after “Avoid at All Costs” uploaded a remix, [“The Entire Bee Movie but Every Time They Say Bee it Gets Faster,”][10] on November 17, 2016, which for whatever reason — perhaps related to the aforementioned affection meme communities have to heavily ironic forms appropriation and remixing, elicited 11 million of its <json-data url="https://www.googleapis.com/youtube/v3/videos?part=statistics&id=E6iN6VTL7v8&key=AIzaSyDCB83CUUQyTj0KQ08fkrULK6OI4X-9k7U" path="$.items.0.statistics.viewCount" regex="(\d)(?=(\d\d\d)+(?!\d))" replace="$1,"></json-data> views within the first month, and has spun thousands of imitators and remixers, ranging from [“The ENTIRE BEE MOVIE But Only The Word Bee In It”][11] (<json-data url="https://www.googleapis.com/youtube/v3/videos?part=statistics&id= TByiofHaEKk&key=AIzaSyDCB83CUUQyTj0KQ08fkrULK6OI4X-9k7U" path="$.items.0.statistics.viewCount" regex="(\d)(?=(\d\d\d)+(?!\d))" replace="$1,"></json-data> views) to [“bee movie trailer but every bee is replaced with you like jazz \[a quote from the film] and it gets louder and it zooms in”][12][12][13] (<json-data url="https://www.googleapis.com/youtube/v3/videos?part=statistics&id=QituC5rS6hM&key=AIzaSyDCB83CUUQyTj0KQ08fkrULK6OI4X-9k7U" path="$.items.0.statistics.viewCount" regex="(\d)(?=(\d\d\d)+(?!\d))" replace="$1,"></json-data> views) to [“bee movie trailer but everytime someone says bee is replaced with trump saying china”][14] (<json-data url="https://www.googleapis.com/youtube/v3/videos?part=statistics&id=vf59uegxY8o&key=AIzaSyDCB83CUUQyTj0KQ08fkrULK6OI4X-9k7U" path="$.items.0.statistics.viewCount" regex="(\d)(?=(\d\d\d)+(?!\d))" replace="$1,"></json-data> views) to [“Shrek but everytime someone blinks it gets faster”][15] (<json-data url="https://www.googleapis.com/youtube/v3/videos?part=statistics&id=52ovTVMyoeQ&key=AIzaSyDCB83CUUQyTj0KQ08fkrULK6OI4X-9k7U" path="$.items.0.statistics.viewCount" regex="(\d)(?=(\d\d\d)+(?!\d))" replace="$1,"></json-data> views) to [“The Cat In The Hat’ Movie But Every Time Something Weird Or Pedophilic Happens It Speeds Up By 5%”][16] (<json-data url="https://www.googleapis.com/youtube/v3/videos?part=statistics&id=qXY5NIbSFRw&key=AIzaSyDCB83CUUQyTj0KQ08fkrULK6OI4X-9k7U" path="$.items.0.statistics.viewCount" regex="(\d)(?=(\d\d\d)+(?!\d))" replace="$1,"></json-data> views) — which condenses the film down to just 15 minutes.
 
 But the group is also rooted in affordances that derive from the Facebook platform itself. In February 2016, Facebook re-engineered it’s infamous “Like” button and added “reactions:” — Like, Love, Haha, Wow, Sad, and Angry — that allowed users to respond to a post with a range of emotions. 
 
@@ -108,7 +110,7 @@ It may be hard to point out what, exactly, the political content of a particular
 
 
 ### References
-- Benjamin, Walter. The work of art in the age of mechanical reproduction. Translated by Harry Zohn. Edited by Hannah Arendt. Transcribed by Andy Blunden. New York City: Schocken/Random House. [https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/ge/benjamin.htm][16]
+- Benjamin, Walter. The work of art in the age of mechanical reproduction. Translated by Harry Zohn. Edited by Hannah Arendt. Transcribed by Andy Blunden. New York City: Schocken/Random House. [https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/ge/benjamin.htm][17]
 - Boorstin, Daniel J. 1961. The image: a guide to pseudo-events in America. New York: Atheneum.
 - Dawkins, Richard. 1989. The selfish gene. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
 -  Shifman, Limor. 2013. Memes in Digital Culture (The MIT Press Essential Knowledge series). Cambridge: The MIT Press. Kindle Edition. 
@@ -130,10 +132,11 @@ It may be hard to point out what, exactly, the political content of a particular
 [10]:	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6iN6VTL7v8
 [11]:	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TByiofHaEKk
 [12]:	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QituC5rS6hM
-[13]:	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vf59uegxY8o
-[14]:	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=52ovTVMyoeQ
-[15]:	%20https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qXY5NIbSFRw
-[16]:	https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/ge/benjamin.htm
+[13]:	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QituC5rS6hM
+[14]:	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vf59uegxY8o
+[15]:	https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=52ovTVMyoeQ
+[16]:	%20https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qXY5NIbSFRw
+[17]:	https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/ge/benjamin.htm
 
 [image-1]:	./reactions.jpg
 [image-2]:	./thankful.jpg