Update Licensing FAQs for v24.3 release (#19002)

* Update Licensing FAQs for v24.3 release

Addresses:

- DOC-11203
- DOC-11048
- DOC-11049

Summary of changes:

- Update 'Licensing FAQs' with the following:

  - Information about the new licensing tiers

  - Instructions for self-serve Enterprise Trial and Enterprise Free
    licenses in Cloud Console

  - Updated information about how to monitor for license expiry in DB
    Console (with a link to updated UI docs that include the exact
    messages)

  - A description of what throttling is and how it works

  - A note that single-node developer clusters do not require a license
    key

- Update 'DB Console Overview > License expiration message' with the
  specific messages that may be emitted by Console depending on the
  status of the cluster's license

src/current/_data/redirects.yml

@@ -521,6 +521,9 @@
   sources: ['enterprise-licensing.md']
   versions: ['v24.3']
 
+- destination: :version/licensing-faqs.md
+  sources: [':version/get-started-with-enterprise-trial.md']
+
 - destination: movr.md#develop-and-deploy-a-global-application
   sources: ['movr-flask-overview.md']
   versions: ['v23.1']

src/current/_includes/common/license-expiration-messages.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+Depending on the status of your cluster's [license]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/licensing-faqs.md %}), the following messages may be displayed in the DB Console:
+
+- If your cluster was throttled because a valid license key was never added, the message is: _This cluster was throttled because it requires a license key. Please add a license key to continue using this cluster._
+- If your cluster has an invalid license key and the cluster is still in the grace period, the message is: _Your license key expired on ${DATE1}. The cluster will be throttled on ${DATE2} unless a new license key is added._
+- If your cluster was throttled due to an invalid license, the message is: _Your license key expired on ${DATE} and the cluster was throttled. Please add a license key to continue using this cluster._
+- If the cluster is required to send telemetry but has not been sending it, and is not yet being throttled, the message is: _Telemetry has not been received from some nodes in this cluster since ${DATE}. These nodes will be throttled on ${DATE} unless telemetry is received._
+- If the cluster is required to send telemetry but has not been sending it, and is currently being throttled, the message is:  _Telemetry has not been received from some nodes in this cluster since ${DATE1}. These nodes were throttled on ${DATE2}._
+
+For instructions on how to obtain and set a license, refer to [Obtain a license]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/licensing-faqs.md %}#obtain-a-license).
+
+For more information about throttling and telemetry, refer to [What is throttling and how does it work?]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/licensing-faqs.md %}#throttling)

src/current/_includes/common/licensing-faqs.md

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+All versions of CockroachDB starting from the release date of 24.3.0 onward, including patch fixes for versions 23.1-24.2 from that date onward, are made available under the [CockroachDB Software License](https://www.cockroachlabs.com/cockroachdb-software-license/). You can use the dropdown menu at the top of the page to view documentation for other versions.
+
+<a name="types-of-licenses"></a>
+
+## License options
+
+The table of licenses below refers to options for {{ site.data.products.core }} deployments. All {{ site.data.products.cloud }} deployments automatically have a valid **Enterprise** license.
+
+Type | Description
+-------------|------------
+**Enterprise** <a name="enterprise"></a> | This paid license allows usage of all CockroachDB features in accordance with the terms specified in the [CockroachDB Software License][csl]. License must be renewed annually or as negotiated. Support levels available include [Enterprise][support] or [Essential][support].
+**Enterprise Free** <a name="enterprise-free"></a> | Same functionality as **Enterprise**, but free of charge for businesses with less than $10M in annual revenue. Clusters will be [throttled](#throttling) after 7 days without sending telemetry. License must be renewed annually. Support level available is Community (i.e., [Docs]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/index.md %}), [Forum][forum], [Slack][slack]).
+**Enterprise Trial** <a name="enterprise-trial"></a> | A 30 day self-service trial license. Telemetry is required during the trial. Clusters will be [throttled](#throttling) after 7 days without sending telemetry. Telemetry can be disabled once the cluster is upgraded to a paid **Enterprise** license. Support level available during trial is Community (i.e., [Docs]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/index.md %}), [Forum][forum], [Slack][slack]).
+
+<a href="mailto:[email protected]">Contact Sales</a> if you want to try CockroachDB without telemetry requirements or if you require an extended trial period.
+
+{{site.data.alerts.callout_success}}
+Note that:
+
+- Clusters with no license key have a 7-day grace period before requiring a license key. This is useful for ephemeral development clusters.
+- No license key is required for developers running [single-node clusters](#single-node-clusters).
+{{site.data.alerts.end}}
+
+## Obtain a license
+
+To obtain a paid **Enterprise** license, <a href="mailto:[email protected]">contact Sales</a>.
+
+To obtain an **Enterprise Free** or **Enterprise Trial** license, take the following steps:
+
+1. Point your web browser to the [CockroachDB {{ site.data.products.cloud }} Console][cloud-console] and [log in]({% link cockroachcloud/authentication.md %}#console-ui-authentication) as an account with **Organization Admin** permissions.
+1. Select **Organization &raquo; Enterprise Licenses** from the nav bar dropdown. This will bring you to the **Enterprise Licenses** page, which shows a (possibly empty) list of licenses and their keys, with information about the status of each.
+1. Click the **Create License** button. This will bring you to a page called **Get started with CockroachDB Enterprise**.
+1. On this page, you will create an **Enterprise Trial** license or an **Enterprise Free** license.
+    1. To create an **Enterprise Trial** license:
+        1. Fill in the form with the required information.
+        1. Click the **Continue** button.
+        1. Select the checkbox to agree to the Terms & Conditions of the [CockroachDB Software License][csl].
+        1. Click the **Generate License Key** button. You will be redirected to the **Enterprise Licenses** page, where you can [start using the key](#set-a-license).
+    1. To create an **Enterprise Free** license:
+        1. Fill in the form with the required information.
+        1. Toggle the switch called **Find out if my company qualifies for an Enterprise Free license**.
+        1. Fill out the additional information.
+        1. Click the **Continue** button.
+           - Note that at this stage, you may not qualify for the **Enterprise Free** license. If so, you will be given an **Enterprise Trial** license.
+        1. Select the checkbox to agree to the Terms & Conditions of the [CockroachDB Software License][csl].
+        1. Click the **Generate License Key** button. You will be redirected to the **Enterprise Licenses** page, where you can [start using the key](#set-a-license).
+
+{{site.data.alerts.callout_danger}}
+You will not be able to create more than one **Enterprise Trial** license per day. If you try, the UI will prevent you from proceeding, and the following message will be displayed:
+
+_A new Enterprise Trial license cannot be created at this time because one was recently created. Tell us more about your intended use to find out if you qualify for an Enterprise Free license, or create a new one after ${DATE}._
+{{site.data.alerts.end}}
+
+{{site.data.alerts.callout_success}}
+For quick local testing of Enterprise features, you can [run a single-node cluster](#single-node-clusters).
+{{site.data.alerts.end}}
+
+## Set a license
+
+{% include common/set-enterprise-license.md %}
+
+## Verify a license
+
+To verify a license, open the [built-in SQL shell]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/cockroach-sql.md %}) and use the [`SHOW CLUSTER SETTING`]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/show-cluster-setting.md %}) command to check the license key:
+
+{% include_cached copy-clipboard.html %}
+~~~ sql
+SHOW CLUSTER SETTING enterprise.license;
+~~~
+~~~
+             enterprise.license
++-------------------------------------------+
+  crl-0-ChB1x...
+(1 row)
+~~~
+
+The license setting is also logged in the `cockroach.log` on the node where the command is run:
+
+{% include_cached copy-clipboard.html %}
+~~~ shell
+cat cockroach.log | grep license
+~~~
+~~~
+I171116 18:11:48.279604 1514 sql/event_log.go:102  [client=[::1]:56357,user=root,n1] Event: "set_cluster_setting", target: 0, info: {SettingName:enterprise.license Value:xxxxxxxxxxxx User:root}
+~~~
+
+## Monitor for license expiry
+
+You can monitor the time until your license expires in the following ways:
+
+1. [Prometheus]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/monitor-cockroachdb-with-prometheus.md %}): The `seconds_until_enterprise_license_expiry` metric reports the number of seconds until the license on a cluster expires. It will report `0` if there is no license, and a negative number if the license has already expired. For more information, see [Monitoring and Alerting]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/monitoring-and-alerting.md %}).
+1. [DB Console]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/ui-overview.md %}): Several [license expiration messages]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/ui-overview.md %}#license-expiration-message) may be displayed, depending on the status of your cluster's license.
+1. [CockroachDB {{ site.data.products.cloud }} Console][cloud-console]: If you have an **Enterprise Free** or **Enterprise Trial** cluster, you will see notifications in the **Enterprise Licenses** section, as well as receive notification emails sent to users with **Organization Admin** permissions.
+1. CockroachDB emits [log messages]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/logging-overview.md %}) when a cluster is at risk of being [throttled](#throttling) due to license expiration or telemetry requirements. The database will also return notices to [SQL clients]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/cockroach-sql.md %}) or [applications]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/install-client-drivers.md %}) that try to execute [transactions]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/transactions.md %}).
+
+{{site.data.alerts.callout_info}}
+During the transition to the [CockroachDB Software License][csl], expiration behavior (including [throttling](#throttling)) will work as follows depending on your version of CockroachDB.
+
+For v23.1.29, v23.2.15, v24.1.7, v24.2.5, and v24.3.0 and later, clusters will behave as described in this documentation.
+
+For versions less than or equal to v23.1.28, v23.2.14, v24.1.6, and v24.2.4, the behavior will be as follows:
+
+- **Enterprise Trial** and **Enterprise Free** licenses will work as expected when you [set a license](#set-a-license).
+- However, the expiration behavior will be different. Clusters running these versions won't be [throttled](#throttling); instead, the Enterprise features will immediately stop working at license expiration.
+{{site.data.alerts.end}}
+
+## Renew an expired license
+
+To renew an expired **Enterprise** license, <a href="mailto:[email protected]">contact Sales</a> and then [set](#set-a-license) the new license.
+
+To renew an expired **Enterprise Free** license, follow the steps in [Obtain a license](#obtain-a-license).
+
+## FAQs
+
+### Can I host CockroachDB as a service for internal use at my organization?
+
+Yes, employees and contractors can use your internal CockroachDB instance as a service, but no people outside of your organization will be able to use it without purchasing a license.
+
+### What constitutes hosting CockroachDB as a service?
+
+Hosting CockroachDB as a service means creating an offering that allows third parties (other than your employees and contractors) to operate a database. Specifically, third parties cannot modify table schemas.
+
+<a name="throttling"></a>
+
+### What is throttling and how does it work?
+
+When a cluster is being throttled, the number of concurrent open [SQL transactions]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/transactions.md %}) is limited to 5.
+
+This will happen in the following cases:
+
+- The cluster is not following telemetry requirements.
+    - There is a 7 day grace period for **Enterprise Free** and **Enterprise Trial** clusters to (re)start sending telemetry. This applies when the license is first [added](#set-a-license), or any time there is an interruption in telemetry.
+- The cluster has an expired [license key](#obtain-a-license); depending on the type of expired license, the cluster will be throttled after the following time periods:
+    - **Enterprise**: Never throttles
+    - **Enterprise Free**: Throttles 30 days after expiration
+    - **Enterprise Trial**: Throttles 7 days after expiration
+- The cluster was running an earlier version of CockroachDB which supported the license known as "CockroachDB Core" and has just been patch upgraded to a version of CockroachDB which is available under the [CockroachDB Software License][csl]. Such clusters get a 30 day grace period before being throttled to de-risk impact to production environments.
+
+If no valid license key is ever entered, the cluster will be throttled 7 days after cluster initialization.
+
+Single-node clusters for development use are [not throttled](#single-node-clusters).
+
+### Can I use CockroachDB for academic research?
+
+Cockroach Labs encourages non-commercial academic research involving CockroachDB. For such projects, [obtain an **Enterprise Free** license](#obtain-a-license).
+
+<a name="single-node-clusters"></a>
+
+### Do I need a license key for running a single node cluster?
+
+No license key is required for developers running [single-node clusters]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/cockroach-start-single-node.md %}) using the following [`cockroach` commands]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/cockroach-commands.md %}):
+
+- [`cockroach start-single-node`]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/cockroach-start-single-node.md %})
+- [`cockroach demo`]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/cockroach-demo.md %})
+
+Single-node clusters are not [throttled](#throttling).
+
+Generally, single-node clusters used for design, prototyping, testing, or development purposes in non-production, internal development environments do not require a license key.
+
+## See also
+
+- [CockroachDB Software License][csl]
+- [Enterprise support][support]
+- <a href="mailto:[email protected]">Contact Sales</a>
+
+<!-- Reference Links -->
+
+[csl]: https://www.cockroachlabs.com/cockroachdb-software-license
+[support]: https://www.cockroachlabs.com/support
+[forum]: https://forum.cockroachlabs.com
+[slack]: https://www.cockroachlabs.com/join-community
+[cloud-console]: https://cockroachlabs.cloud

src/current/_includes/common/set-enterprise-license.md

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Start the [`cockroach sql` shell]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/cockroach-sql.md %}). As the [`root` user]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/security-reference/authorization.md %}#root-user), use the [`SET CLUSTER SETTING`]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/set-cluster-setting.md %}) statement to set the license key:
+
+{% include_cached copy-clipboard.html %}
+~~~ sql
+SET CLUSTER SETTING enterprise.license = 'xxxxxxxxxxxx';
+~~~
+
+{{site.data.alerts.callout_danger}}
+You cannot apply an [**Enterprise Trial** license]({% link {{ page.version.version }}/licensing-faqs.md %}#types-of-licenses) more than once to the same cluster.
+{{site.data.alerts.end}}