Adds initial draft for containers topic

Co-authored-by: JC van Winkel <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Bogusław Cyganek <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Jari Ronkainen <[email protected]>

sources/knowledge_areas.dat

@@ -55,6 +55,8 @@ EH Error Handling
 	? ? ? ? errno
 	? ? ? ? Error Codes
 	eh y y y Exception Handling
+PD Program Design
+	cont y y y Containers
 SL Standard Library
 	? ? ? ? Input/Output (I/O)
 	? ? ? ? Containers, Iterators, and Algorithms

sources/modules/program-design/algorithms.md

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+## Program Design: Algorithms
+
+_Skeleton descriptions are typeset in italic text,_
+_so please don't remove these descriptions when editing the topic._
+
+This topic is currently under construction and will soon be filled with information :)

sources/modules/program-design/containers.md

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+## Program Design: Containers {#cont}
+
+_Skeleton descriptions are typeset in italic text,_
+_so please don't remove these descriptions when editing the topic._
+
+### Overview
+
+_Provides a short natural language abstract of the module’s contents._
+_Specifies the different levels of teaching._
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Level             Objective
+----------------- ------------------------------------------------------
+Foundational      Using standard containers
+
+Main              Extending standard containers and day-to-day usages
+
+Advanced          ---
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+### Motivation
+
+_Why is this important?_
+_Why do we want to learn/teach this topic?_
+
+Storing data is an essential part of computations.
+We use abstractions to make it easier to reason about and work with the data.
+This leads to grouping related data variables together in data structures to give the grouping a name and to be able to make multiple instances of that data structure.
+Data structures are therefore foundational building blocks for program design and are present in almost every program. 
+
+Data structures come in many different forms, but there are special data structures that group objects of related types together.
+In C++ these collections of data are called containers.
+The C++ standard library provides a wide range of such common containers.
+To make algorithms more universally applicable to containers, the standard library defines a common interface.
+This way, containers build a bridge between algorithms and how data is organized.
+
+
+### Topic introduction
+
+_Very brief introduction to the topic._
+
+### Foundational: Using standard containers {#cont-found}
+
+#### Background/Required Knowledge
+
+A student:
+
+* "for loops"
+* "defining variables"
+* "main function"
+
+#### Student outcomes
+
+_A list of things "a student should be able to" after the curriculum._
+_The next word should be an action word and testable in an exam._
+_Max 5 items._
+
+A student should be able to:
+
+1. setup and add objects to a container
+2. work with objects that are stored in a container
+
+#### Caveats
+
+_This section mentions subtle points to understand, like anything resulting in
+implementation-defined, unspecified, or undefined behavior._
+
+* On a foundational level, avoid using iterators when teaching containers to prevent problems, such as iterator invalidation or dangling iterators.
+* Avoid going deep into the template notation
+* Teach people to not use `vector<bool>`
+
+#### Points to cover
+
+_This section lists important details for each point._
+
+* Creating containers, adding objects, iterating over them using range based or index based for loops.
+* `vector`, `string`, `unordered_map`, `unordered_set`
+* Notation for having container of different value types with angle brackets
+
+
+### Main: Extending standard containers and day-to-day usages {#cont-main}
+
+#### Background/Required Knowledge
+
+* Basic understanding of standard algorithms [[Program Design: Algorithms - Foundational]][1]
+* Basic understanding of classes and class templates [[User-defined Types: Class Templates - Foundational]][2]
+
+#### Student outcomes
+
+A student should be able to:
+
+1. make effective use of the standard containers.
+2. make use of iterators to iterate over a sequence and call algorithms.
+3. make a proper choice what container to use based on its characteristics.
+4. write a container class template for a specific need (based on a standard container).
+5. make use of common container idioms.
+
+#### Caveats
+
+* Iterator invalidation
+* When extending standard containers, prefer delegation over inheritance
+
+#### Points to cover
+
+* Alternative ways of iterating over a container using iterators
+* Adapting or extending standard containers (e.g., writing wrapper types with additional semantics)
+* Discuss the different characteristics and trade-offs of standard containers
+* Common idioms (e.g., find-erase)
+* Usage of end-of-sequence iterators [[Program Design: Iterators - Foundational]][3]
+* [Optional] Using containers together with ranges [[Program Design: Ranges - Foundational]][4]
+
+
+### Advanced
+
+_These are important topics that are not expected to be covered but provide
+guidance where one can continue to investigate this topic in more depth._
+
+* creating your own STL compatible containers from the ground up
+* using containers with non-default allocators
+
+[1]: ../program-design/algorithms.md
+[2]: ../user-defined-types/class-templates.md
+[3]: ../program-design/iterators.md
+[4]: ../program-design/ranges.md

sources/modules/program-design/iterators.md

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+## Program Design: Iterators
+
+_Skeleton descriptions are typeset in italic text,_
+_so please don't remove these descriptions when editing the topic._
+
+This topic is currently under construction and will soon be filled with information :)

sources/modules/program-design/ranges.md

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+## Program Design: Ranges
+
+_Skeleton descriptions are typeset in italic text,_
+_so please don't remove these descriptions when editing the topic._
+
+This topic is currently under construction and will soon be filled with information :)

sources/modules/user-defined-types/class-templates.md

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+## User-defined Types: Class Templates
+
+_Skeleton descriptions are typeset in italic text,_
+_so please don't remove these descriptions when editing the topic._
+
+This topic is currently under construction and will soon be filled with information :)