GPT Review program-analysis/manticore

program-analysis/manticore/README.md

@@ -1,35 +1,34 @@
 # Manticore Tutorial
 
-The aim of this tutorial is to show how to use Manticore to automatically find bugs in smart contracts.
+This tutorial demonstrates how to use Manticore to automatically find bugs in smart contracts.
 
-The first part introduces a set of the basic features of Manticore: running under Manticore and manipulating smart contracts through API, getting throwing path, adding constraints.
-The second part is exercise to solve.
+The first part introduces a set of Manticore's basic features, including running Manticore, manipulating smart contracts through the API, retrieving throwing paths, and adding constraints. The second part consists of exercises to solve.
 
 **Table of contents:**
 
 - [Installation](#installation)
-- [Introduction to symbolic execution](./symbolic-execution-introduction.md): Brief introduction to symbolic execution
-- [Running under Manticore](./running-under-manticore.md): How to use Manticore's API to run a contract
-- [Getting throwing paths](./getting-throwing-paths.md): How to use Manticore's API to get specific paths
-- [Adding constraints](./adding-constraints.md): How to use Manticore's API to add paths' constraints
+- [Introduction to symbolic execution](./symbolic-execution-introduction.md): A brief introduction to symbolic execution
+- [Running Manticore](./running-under-manticore.md): Using Manticore's API to run a contract
+- [Getting throwing paths](./getting-throwing-paths.md): Using Manticore's API to obtain specific paths
+- [Adding constraints](./adding-constraints.md): Using Manticore's API to add path constraints
 - [Exercises](./exercises)
 
 Join the team on Slack at: https://empireslacking.herokuapp.com/ #ethereum, #manticore
 
 ## Installation
 
-Manticore requires >= python 3.6. It can be installed through pip or using docker.
+Manticore requires Python 3.6 or later. It can be installed using pip or Docker.
 
-## Manticore through docker
+## Manticore through Docker
 
 ```bash
 docker pull trailofbits/eth-security-toolbox
 docker run -it -v "$PWD":/home/training trailofbits/eth-security-toolbox
 ```
 
-_The last command runs eth-security-toolbox in a docker that has access to your current directory. You can change the files from your host, and run the tools on the files from the docker_
+_The last command runs the eth-security-toolbox in a Docker container with access to your current directory. You can modify the files on your host and run the tools on the files from the Docker container._
 
-Inside docker, run:
+Inside the Docker container, run:
 
 ```bash
 solc-select 0.5.11
@@ -42,11 +41,11 @@ cd /home/trufflecon/
 pip3 install --user manticore
 ```
 
-solc 0.5.11 is recommended.
+It is recommended to use solc 0.5.11.
 
 ### Running a script
 
-To run a python script with python 3:
+To run a Python script with Python 3:
 
 ```bash
 python3 script.py

program-analysis/manticore/adding-constraints.md

@@ -13,8 +13,7 @@
 
 ## Introduction
 
-We will see how to constrain the exploration. We will make the assumption that the
-documentation of `f()` states that the function is never called with `a == 65`, so any bug with `a == 65` is not a real bug. The target is still the following smart contract (_[example.sol](https://github.com/crytic/building-secure-contracts/tree/master/program-analysis/manticore/examples/example.sol)_):
+We will explore how to limit the exploration by adding constraints. Assuming the documentation of `f()` states that the function is never called with `a == 65`, any bug with `a == 65` is not considered a real bug. Our target is the following smart contract ([example.sol](https://github.com/crytic/building-secure-contracts/tree/master/program-analysis/manticore/examples/example.sol)):
 
 ```solidity
 pragma solidity >=0.4.24 <0.6.0;
@@ -30,7 +29,7 @@ contract Simple {
 
 ## Operators
 
-The [Operators](https://github.com/trailofbits/manticore/blob/master/manticore/core/smtlib/operators.py) module facilitates the manipulation of constraints, among other it provides:
+The [Operators](https://github.com/trailofbits/manticore/blob/master/manticore/core/smtlib/operators.py) module enables constraint manipulation and provides various operations, such as:
 
 - Operators.AND,
 - Operators.OR,
@@ -39,26 +38,25 @@ The [Operators](https://github.com/trailofbits/manticore/blob/master/manticore/c
 - Operators.ULT (unsigned lower than),
 - Operators.ULE (unsigned lower than or equal to).
 
-To import the module use the following:
+To import the module, use the following:
 
 ```python3
 from manticore.core.smtlib import Operators
 ```
 
-`Operators.CONCAT` is used to concatenate an array to a value. For example, the return_data of a transaction needs to be changed to a value to be checked against another value:
+`Operators.CONCAT` can be used to concatenate an array to a value. For instance, the return_data of a transaction needs to be converted to a value before checking it against another value:
 
 ```python3
 last_return = Operators.CONCAT(256, *last_return)
 ```
 
 ## Constraints
 
-You can use constraints globally or for a specific state.
+Constraints can be applied globally or to a specific state.
 
 ### Global constraint
 
-Use `m.constrain(constraint)` to add a global cosntraint.
-For example, you can call a contract from a symbolic address, and restraint this address to be specific values:
+To add a global constraint, use `m.constrain(constraint)`. For example, you can call a contract from a symbolic address and limit this address to specific values:
 
 ```python3
 symbolic_address = m.make_symbolic_value()
@@ -71,13 +69,11 @@ m.transaction(caller=user_account,
 
 ### State constraint
 
-Use [state.constrain(constraint)](https://manticore.readthedocs.io/en/latest/states.html?highlight=statebase#manticore.core.state.StateBase.constrain) to add a constraint to a specific state
-It can be used to constrain the state after its exploration to check some property on it.
+To add a constraint to a specific state, use [`state.constrain(constraint)`](https://manticore.readthedocs.io/en/latest/states.html?highlight=statebase#manticore.core.state.StateBase.constrain). It can be employed to constrain the state after its exploration in order to check properties on it.
 
 ## Checking Constraint
 
-Use `solver.check(state.constraints)` to know if a constraint is still feasible.
-For example, the following will constraint symbolic_value to be different from 65 and check if the state is still feasible:
+`solver.check(state.constraints)` can be used to determine if a constraint is still feasible. For instance, the following code constrains `symbolic_value` to be different from 65 and checks if the state is still feasible:
 
 ```python3
 state.constrain(symbolic_var != 65)
@@ -87,7 +83,7 @@ if solver.check(state.constraints):
 
 ## Summary: Adding Constraints
 
-Adding constraint to the previous code, we obtain:
+By incorporating constraints into the previous code, we obtain:
 
 ```python3
 from manticore.ethereum import ManticoreEVM
@@ -122,6 +118,6 @@ if no_bug_found:
     print(f'No bug found')
 ```
 
-All the code above you can find into the [example_constraint.py](https://github.com/crytic/building-secure-contracts/tree/master/program-analysis/manticore/examples/example_constraint.py)
+The complete code can be found in [example_constraint.py](https://github.com/crytic/building-secure-contracts/tree/master/program-analysis/manticore/examples/example_constraint.py).
 
 The next step is to follow the [exercises](./exercises).

program-analysis/manticore/exercises/README.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # Manticore Exercises
 
-- [Example](./example.md): Arithmetic overflow
-- [Exercise 1](./exercise1.md): Arithmetic rounding
-- [Exercise 2](./exercise2.md): Arithmetic overflow through multiple transactions
+- [Example](./example.md): Arithmetic Overflow
+- [Exercise 1](./exercise1.md): Arithmetic Rounding
+- [Exercise 2](./exercise2.md): Arithmetic Overflow in Multiple Transactions

program-analysis/manticore/exercises/example.md

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
-# Example: Arithmetic overflow
+# Example: Arithmetic Overflow
 
-This scenario is given as an example. You can follow its structure to solve the exercises.
+This scenario is provided as an example. You can use its structure as a guide to solving the exercises.
 
-[`my_token.py`](example/my_token.py) uses Manticore to find for an attacker to generate tokens during a transfer on Token ([my_token.sol](example/my_token.sol)).
+[`my_token.py`](example/my_token.py) utilizes Manticore to discover if an attacker can generate tokens during a transfer on the Token contract ([my_token.sol](example/my_token.sol)).
 
-## Proposed scenario
+## Proposed Scenario
 
-We use the pattern initialization, exploration and property for our scripts.
+We will use the pattern of initialization, exploration, and property checking for our scripts.
 
 ## Initialization
 
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ We use the pattern initialization, exploration and property for our scripts.
 
 ## Exploration
 
-- Call balances on the user account
-- Call transfer with symbolic destination and value
-- Call balances on the user account
+- Call 'balances' on the user account
+- Call 'transfer' with a symbolic destination and value
+- Call 'balances' on the user account again
 
-## Property
+## Property Checking
 
-- Check if the user can have more token after the transfer than before.
+- Verify if the user can possess more tokens after the transfer than before.

program-analysis/manticore/exercises/exercise1.md

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
-# Exercise 1 : Arithmetic rounding
+# Exercise 1: Arithmetic Rounding
 
-Use Manticore to find an input allowing an attacker to generate free tokens in [token.sol](https://github.com/crytic/building-secure-contracts/tree/master/program-analysis/manticore/exercises/exercise1/token.sol).
-Propose a fix of the contract, and test your fix using your Manticore script.
+Use Manticore to discover an input that allows an attacker to generate free tokens in [token.sol](https://github.com/crytic/building-secure-contracts/tree/master/program-analysis/manticore/exercises/exercise1/token.sol). Propose a fix for the contract and test your solution using the Manticore script.
 
-## Proposed scenario
+## Proposed Scenario
 
-Follow the pattern initialization, exploration and property for the script.
+Follow the initialization, exploration, and property pattern for the script.
 
 ## Initialization
 
@@ -14,18 +13,18 @@ Follow the pattern initialization, exploration and property for the script.
 
 ## Exploration
 
-- Call `is_valid_buy` with two symbolic values for tokens_amount and wei_amount
+- Call `is_valid_buy` with two symbolic values for `tokens_amount` and `wei_amount`
 
 ## Property
 
-- An attack is found if on a state alive `wei_amount == 0 and tokens_amount >= 1`
+- An attack is discovered if, on a live state, `wei_amount == 0 and tokens_amount >= 1`
 
 ## Hints
 
-- `m.ready_states` returns the list of state alive
-- `Operators.AND(a, b)` allows to create and AND condition
-- You can use the template proposed in [template.py](https://github.com/crytic/building-secure-contracts/tree/master/program-analysis/manticore/exercises/exercise1/template.py)
+- `m.ready_states` returns a list of live states
+- Use `Operators.AND(a, b)` to create an AND condition
+- The [template.py](https://github.com/crytic/building-secure-contracts/tree/master/program-analysis/manticore/exercises/exercise1/template.py) can serve as a starting point
 
 ## Solution
 
-[solution.py](https://github.com/crytic/building-secure-contracts/tree/master/program-analysis/manticore/exercises/exercise1/solution.py)
+Refer to [solution.py](https://github.com/crytic/building-secure-contracts/tree/master/program-analysis/manticore/exercises/exercise1/solution.py) for a possible solution.

program-analysis/manticore/exercises/exercise2.md

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-# Exercise 2 : Arithmetic overflow through multiple transactions
+# Exercise 2: Arithmetic Overflow through Multiple Transactions
 
-Use Manticore to find if an overflow is possible in Overflow.add. Propose a fix of the contract, and test your fix using your Manticore script.
+Use Manticore to find if an overflow is possible in Overflow.add. Propose a fix for the contract and test your fix using your Manticore script.
 
-## Proposed scenario
+## Proposed Scenario
 
-Follow the pattern initialization, exploration and property for the script.
+Follow the pattern of initialization, exploration, and property for the script.
 
 ## Initialization
 
@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ Follow the pattern initialization, exploration and property for the script.
 
 ## Exploration
 
-- Call two times `add` with two symbolic values
+- Call `add` twice with two symbolic values
 - Call `sellerBalance()`
 
 ## Property
 
-- Check if it is possible for the value returned by sellerBalance() to be lower than the first input.
+- Check if it is possible for the value returned by `sellerBalance()` to be lower than the first input.
 
 ## Hints
 

program-analysis/manticore/getting-throwing-paths.md

@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
-# Getting Throwing Path
+# Finding Throwing Paths
 
-**Table of contents:**
+**Table of Contents:**
 
-- [Getting Throwing Path](#getting-throwing-path)
+- [Finding Throwing Paths](#finding-throwing-paths)
   - [Introduction](#introduction)
-  - [Using state information](#using-state-information)
-  - [How to generate testcase](#how-to-generate-testcase)
+  - [Using State Information](#using-state-information)
+  - [Generating Test Cases](#generating-test-cases)
   - [Summary](#summary)
-  - [Summary: Getting Throwing Path](#summary-getting-throwing-path)
+  - [Summary: Finding Throwing Paths](#summary-finding-throwing-paths)
 
 ## Introduction
 
-We will now improve [the previous example](running-under-manticore.md) and generate specific inputs for the paths raising an exception in `f()`. The target is still the following smart contract (_[example.sol](https://github.com/crytic/building-secure-contracts/tree/master/program-analysis/manticore/examples/example.sol)_):
+We will now improve [the previous example](running-under-manticore.md) and generate specific inputs for paths raising an exception in `f()`. The target is still the following smart contract ([example.sol](https://github.com/crytic/building-secure-contracts/tree/master/program-analysis/manticore/examples/example.sol)):
 
 ```solidity
 pragma solidity >=0.4.24 <0.6.0;
@@ -25,49 +25,49 @@ contract Simple {
 }
 ```
 
-## Using state information
+## Using State Information
 
-Each path executed has its state of the blockchain. A state is either ready or it is killed, meaning that it reaches a THROW or REVERT instruction:
+Each executed path has its own blockchain state. A state is either ready or killed, meaning that it reaches a THROW or REVERT instruction:
 
 - [m.ready_states](https://manticore.readthedocs.io/en/latest/states.html#accessing): the list of states that are ready (they did not execute a REVERT/INVALID)
-- [m.killed_states](https://manticore.readthedocs.io/en/latest/states.html#accessings): the list of states that are ready (they did not execute a REVERT/INVALID)
+- [m.killed_states](https://manticore.readthedocs.io/en/latest/states.html#accessings): the list of killed states (they did execute a REVERT/INVALID)
 - [m.all_states](https://manticore.readthedocs.io/en/latest/states.html#accessings): all the states
 
 ```python3
 for state in m.all_states:
     # do something with state
 ```
 
-You can access state information. For example:
+You can access information about a state. For example:
 
 - `state.platform.get_balance(account.address)`: the balance of the account
 - `state.platform.transactions`: the list of transactions
 - `state.platform.transactions[-1].return_data`: the data returned by the last transaction
 
-The data returned by the last transaction is an array, which can be converted to a value with ABI.deserialize, for example:
+The data returned by the last transaction is an array, which can be converted to a value with ABI.deserialize. For example:
 
 ```python
 data = state.platform.transactions[0].return_data
 data = ABI.deserialize("uint256", data)
 ```
 
-## How to generate testcase
+## Generating Test Cases
 
-Use [m.generate_testcase(state, name)](https://github.com/trailofbits/manticore/blob/dc8c3c822bbd50adabe50cafef38457505c0bc7b/manticore/ethereum/manticore.py#L1572) to generate testcase:
+Use [m.generate_testcase(state, name)](https://github.com/trailofbits/manticore/blob/dc8c3c822bbd50adabe50cafef38457505c0bc7b/manticore/ethereum/manticore.py#L1572) to generate test cases:
 
 ```python3
 m.generate_testcase(state, 'BugFound')
 ```
 
 ## Summary
 
-- You can iterate over the state with m.all_states
-- `state.platform.get_balance(account.address)` returns the account’s balance
+- You can iterate over the states with m.all_states
+- `state.platform.get_balance(account.address)` returns the account's balance
 - `state.platform.transactions` returns the list of transactions
 - `transaction.return_data` is the data returned
-- `m.generate_testcase(state, name)` generate inputs for the state
+- `m.generate_testcase(state, name)` generates inputs for the state
 
-## Summary: Getting Throwing Path
+## Summary: Finding Throwing Paths
 
 ```python3
 from manticore.ethereum import ManticoreEVM
@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@ for state in m.terminated_states:
         m.generate_testcase(state, 'ThrowFound')
 ```
 
-All the code above you can find into the [example_throw.py](https://github.com/crytic/building-secure-contracts/tree/master/program-analysis/manticore/examples/example_throw.py)
+You can find all the code above in the [example_throw.py](https://github.com/crytic/building-secure-contracts/tree/master/program-analysis/manticore/examples/example_throw.py) file.
 
 The next step is to [add constraints](./adding-constraints.md) to the state.
 
-_Note we could have generated a much simpler script, as all the states returned by terminated_state have REVERT or INVALID in their result: this example was only meant to demonstrate how to manipulate the API._
+_Note: We could have generated a much simpler script since all the states returned by terminated_state have REVERT or INVALID in their result. This example was only meant to demonstrate how to manipulate the API._