offline data: enable querying failed jobs

[oliver-sanders]

(POC PR to unblock upstream work, I'm not assigned, feel free to take over)

• Allow job queries to be performed on jobs which have failed or have not run.
• Implemented the ids, exids, states, exstates fields for offline job queries (partially addresses offline data: support arguments in task query #440).
• Fix the state field which previously returned submit_status.

Example query:

query {
  jobs(live: false, workflows: ["*"], ids: ["*/foo"]) {
    id
    state
  }
}

Notes:

• The analysis view will need to be updated to use the states argument to filter for succeeded tasks (previously this was implied).
• If there are any queries that use the state field, these will need to be updated now that it returns the job state rather than the run_status.

Check List

• I have read CONTRIBUTING.md and added my name as a Code Contributor.
• Contains logically grouped changes (else tidy your branch by rebase).
• Does not contain off-topic changes (use other PRs for other changes).
• Applied any dependency changes to both setup.cfg (and conda-environment.yml if present).
• Tests are included (or explain why tests are not needed).
• Changelog entry included if this is a change that can affect users
• Cylc-Doc pull request opened if required at cylc/cylc-doc/pull/XXXX.
• If this is a bug fix, PR should be raised against the relevant ?.?.x branch.