Update protobuf requirement from <5.0,>=3.0 to >=5.27.2,<6.0

Updates the requirements on [protobuf](https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf) to permit the latest version.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/main/protobuf_release.bzl)
- [Commits](protocolbuffers/protobuf@v3.0.0...v5.27.2)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: protobuf
  dependency-type: direct:production
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <[email protected]>

pyproject.toml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ dependencies = [
     # installed via dbt-common but used directly
     "agate>=1.0,<2.0",
     "mashumaro[msgpack]>=3.0,<4.0",
-    "protobuf>=3.0,<5.0",
+    "protobuf>=5.27.2,<6.0",
     "typing-extensions>=4.0,<5.0",
 ]
 [project.urls]