[DOCS] Add default ports for Elastic Stack components

[jrodewig]

Documents the default ports for major Elastic Stack components.

I plan to add ports for ECE and ECK in a later PR. I'll also add links to related port settings in a later PR.

Rel: #2431

[github-actions]

Documentation preview:

• ✨ Changed pages

[mergify]

This pull request does not have a backport label. Could you fix it @jrodewig? 🙏
To fixup this pull request, you need to add the backport labels for the needed
branches, such as:

• backport-/d./d is the label to automatically backport to the /d./d branch. /d is the digit
  NOTE: backport-skip has been added to this pull request.

[liladler]

Thanks @jrodewig that's fantastic! It's great to see feedback from customers and field gets included in the docs :)
Also great it refers to the ingest docs for reference architectures.
A few comments from my side:

• The reference architecture focuses on ingest so only shows breakdown of ingest components. Would be great to have a reference architecture that presents Elasticsearch components, such as ML nodes, Hot, Cold, Frozen buckets etc.
• The page references APM/fleet server. In the Cloud console we still call it integration server. might worth a clarification that it refers to the same component?
• Enterprise search ports aren't referenced
• Worth mentioning that each integration has its own ports and dependencies, so this should be verified ahead of installation.
• We're referencing cloud, but cloud ports are different (uses TLS).

Apart from that looks good. Thanks again for this!

[jrodewig]

💚 All backports created successfully

Status	Branch	Result
✅	8.10

Questions ?

Please refer to the Backport tool documentation