feat(math): add lerp, inverse lerp, and piecewise_linear functions

[finger563]

Description

• Add lerp for linearly interpolating between two values a,b at t
• Add inv_lerp for inverse linear interpolating to find the t value representing value v between the range specified by a,b
• Add piecewise_linear for performing piecewise linear interpolation of a value in one set of points to a value in another set of points.
• Update math example to test lerp, inv_lerp, and piecewise_linear

Motivation and Context

Lerp, inverse lerp, and piecewise linear interpolation are useful functions that have a broad range of applicability, so not having to rewrite them reduces the changes of bugs and boilerplate code.

How has this been tested?

Building and running the updated math example on a QtPy ESP32S3.

Screenshots (if appropriate, e.g. schematic, board, console logs, lab pictures):

Types of changes

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• Documentation Update
• Hardware (schematic, board, system design) change
• Software change

Checklist:

• My change requires a change to the documentation.
• I have added / updated the documentation related to this change via either README or WIKI

Software

• I have added tests to cover my changes.
• I have updated the .github/workflows/build.yml file to add my new test to the automated cloud build github action.
• All new and existing tests passed.
• My code follows the code style of this project.

[github-actions]

✅Static analysis result - no issues found! ✅