monorepo: remove redundant fills and zeros

packages/block/src/header/header.ts

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ import {
   equalsBytes,
   hexToBytes,
   toType,
-  zeros,
 } from '@ethereumjs/util'
 import { keccak256 } from 'ethereum-cryptography/keccak.js'
 
@@ -106,21 +105,21 @@ export class BlockHeader {
     const skipValidateConsensusFormat = opts.skipConsensusFormatValidation ?? false
 
     const defaults = {
-      parentHash: zeros(32),
+      parentHash: new Uint8Array(32),
       uncleHash: KECCAK256_RLP_ARRAY,
       coinbase: createZeroAddress(),
-      stateRoot: zeros(32),
+      stateRoot: new Uint8Array(32),
       transactionsTrie: KECCAK256_RLP,
       receiptTrie: KECCAK256_RLP,
-      logsBloom: zeros(256),
+      logsBloom: new Uint8Array(256),
       difficulty: BIGINT_0,
       number: BIGINT_0,
       gasLimit: DEFAULT_GAS_LIMIT,
       gasUsed: BIGINT_0,
       timestamp: BIGINT_0,
       extraData: new Uint8Array(0),
-      mixHash: zeros(32),
-      nonce: zeros(8),
+      mixHash: new Uint8Array(32),
+      nonce: new Uint8Array(8),
     }
 
     const parentHash = toType(headerData.parentHash, TypeOutput.Uint8Array) ?? defaults.parentHash
@@ -161,7 +160,7 @@ export class BlockHeader {
       withdrawalsRoot: this.common.isActivatedEIP(4895) ? KECCAK256_RLP : undefined,
       blobGasUsed: this.common.isActivatedEIP(4844) ? BIGINT_0 : undefined,
       excessBlobGas: this.common.isActivatedEIP(4844) ? BIGINT_0 : undefined,
-      parentBeaconBlockRoot: this.common.isActivatedEIP(4788) ? zeros(32) : undefined,
+      parentBeaconBlockRoot: this.common.isActivatedEIP(4788) ? new Uint8Array(32) : undefined,
       requestsRoot: this.common.isActivatedEIP(7685) ? KECCAK256_RLP : undefined,
     }
 
@@ -424,8 +423,8 @@ export class BlockHeader {
           )} (cannot exceed 32 bytes length, received ${extraData.length} bytes)`
           error = true
         }
-        if (!equalsBytes(nonce, zeros(8))) {
-          errorMsg += `, nonce: ${bytesToHex(nonce)} (expected: ${bytesToHex(zeros(8))})`
+        if (!equalsBytes(nonce, new Uint8Array(8))) {
+          errorMsg += `, nonce: ${bytesToHex(nonce)} (expected: ${bytesToHex(new Uint8Array(8))})`
           error = true
         }
       }

packages/block/test/block.spec.ts

@@ -1,14 +1,7 @@
 import { Common, Goerli, Hardfork, Mainnet, createCustomCommon } from '@ethereumjs/common'
 import { RLP } from '@ethereumjs/rlp'
 import { createLegacyTx } from '@ethereumjs/tx'
-import {
-  KECCAK256_RLP_ARRAY,
-  bytesToHex,
-  equalsBytes,
-  hexToBytes,
-  toBytes,
-  zeros,
-} from '@ethereumjs/util'
+import { KECCAK256_RLP_ARRAY, bytesToHex, equalsBytes, hexToBytes, toBytes } from '@ethereumjs/util'
 import { assert, describe, it } from 'vitest'
 
 import { genTransactionsTrieRoot } from '../src/helpers.js'
@@ -76,14 +69,14 @@ describe('[Block]: block functions', () => {
       headerArray.push(zero)
     }
 
-    // mock header data (if set to zeros(0) header throws)
-    headerArray[0] = zeros(32) // parentHash
-    headerArray[2] = zeros(20) // coinbase
-    headerArray[3] = zeros(32) // stateRoot
-    headerArray[4] = zeros(32) // transactionsTrie
-    headerArray[5] = zeros(32) // receiptTrie
-    headerArray[13] = zeros(32) // mixHash
-    headerArray[14] = zeros(8) // nonce
+    // mock header data (if set to new Uint8Array() header throws)
+    headerArray[0] = new Uint8Array(32) // parentHash
+    headerArray[2] = new Uint8Array(20) // coinbase
+    headerArray[3] = new Uint8Array(32) // stateRoot
+    headerArray[4] = new Uint8Array(32) // transactionsTrie
+    headerArray[5] = new Uint8Array(32) // receiptTrie
+    headerArray[13] = new Uint8Array(32) // mixHash
+    headerArray[14] = new Uint8Array(8) // nonce
 
     const valuesArray = <BlockBytes>[headerArray, [], []]
 
@@ -265,7 +258,7 @@ describe('[Block]: block functions', () => {
       }
     }
 
-    const zeroRoot = zeros(32)
+    const zeroRoot = new Uint8Array(32)
 
     // Tx root
     block = createBlock({

packages/block/test/eip4788block.spec.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { Common, Hardfork, Mainnet } from '@ethereumjs/common'
-import { bytesToHex, zeros } from '@ethereumjs/util'
+import { bytesToHex } from '@ethereumjs/util'
 import { assert, describe, it } from 'vitest'
 
 import { createBlock, createBlockHeader } from '../src/index.js'
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ describe('EIP4788 header tests', () => {
       () => {
         createBlockHeader(
           {
-            parentBeaconBlockRoot: zeros(32),
+            parentBeaconBlockRoot: new Uint8Array(32),
           },
           {
             common: earlyCommon,
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ describe('EIP4788 header tests', () => {
         {
           excessBlobGas: 0n,
           blobGasUsed: 0n,
-          parentBeaconBlockRoot: zeros(32),
+          parentBeaconBlockRoot: new Uint8Array(32),
         },
         {
           common,
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ describe('EIP4788 header tests', () => {
     )
     assert.equal(
       block.toJSON().header?.parentBeaconBlockRoot,
-      bytesToHex(zeros(32)),
+      bytesToHex(new Uint8Array(32)),
       'JSON output includes excessBlobGas',
     )
   })

packages/block/test/eip4895block.spec.ts

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import {
   createWithdrawalFromBytesArray,
   hexToBytes,
   randomBytes,
-  zeros,
 } from '@ethereumjs/util'
 import { assert, describe, it } from 'vitest'
 
@@ -57,7 +56,7 @@ describe('EIP4895 tests', () => {
       () => {
         createBlockHeader(
           {
-            withdrawalsRoot: zeros(32),
+            withdrawalsRoot: new Uint8Array(32),
           },
           {
             common: earlyCommon,
@@ -79,7 +78,7 @@ describe('EIP4895 tests', () => {
     assert.doesNotThrow(() => {
       createBlockHeader(
         {
-          withdrawalsRoot: zeros(32),
+          withdrawalsRoot: new Uint8Array(32),
         },
         {
           common,
@@ -116,7 +115,7 @@ describe('EIP4895 tests', () => {
       createBlock(
         {
           header: {
-            withdrawalsRoot: zeros(32),
+            withdrawalsRoot: new Uint8Array(32),
           },
           withdrawals: [],
         },
@@ -128,7 +127,7 @@ describe('EIP4895 tests', () => {
     const block = createBlock(
       {
         header: {
-          withdrawalsRoot: zeros(32),
+          withdrawalsRoot: new Uint8Array(32),
         },
         withdrawals: [],
       },

packages/block/test/header.spec.ts

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ import {
   createZeroAddress,
   equalsBytes,
   hexToBytes,
-  zeros,
 } from '@ethereumjs/util'
 import { assert, describe, it } from 'vitest'
 
@@ -32,21 +31,21 @@ import type { PrefixedHexString } from '@ethereumjs/util'
 describe('[Block]: Header functions', () => {
   it('should create with default constructor', () => {
     function compareDefaultHeader(header: BlockHeader) {
-      assert.ok(equalsBytes(header.parentHash, zeros(32)))
+      assert.ok(equalsBytes(header.parentHash, new Uint8Array(32)))
       assert.ok(equalsBytes(header.uncleHash, KECCAK256_RLP_ARRAY))
       assert.ok(header.coinbase.equals(createZeroAddress()))
-      assert.ok(equalsBytes(header.stateRoot, zeros(32)))
+      assert.ok(equalsBytes(header.stateRoot, new Uint8Array(32)))
       assert.ok(equalsBytes(header.transactionsTrie, KECCAK256_RLP))
       assert.ok(equalsBytes(header.receiptTrie, KECCAK256_RLP))
-      assert.ok(equalsBytes(header.logsBloom, zeros(256)))
+      assert.ok(equalsBytes(header.logsBloom, new Uint8Array(256)))
       assert.equal(header.difficulty, BigInt(0))
       assert.equal(header.number, BigInt(0))
       assert.equal(header.gasLimit, BigInt('0xffffffffffffff'))
       assert.equal(header.gasUsed, BigInt(0))
       assert.equal(header.timestamp, BigInt(0))
       assert.ok(equalsBytes(header.extraData, new Uint8Array(0)))
-      assert.ok(equalsBytes(header.mixHash, zeros(32)))
-      assert.ok(equalsBytes(header.nonce, zeros(8)))
+      assert.ok(equalsBytes(header.mixHash, new Uint8Array(32)))
+      assert.ok(equalsBytes(header.nonce, new Uint8Array(8)))
     }
 
     const header = createBlockHeader()
@@ -137,14 +136,14 @@ describe('[Block]: Header functions', () => {
       headerArray.push(zero)
     }
 
-    // mock header data (if set to zeros(0) header throws)
-    headerArray[0] = zeros(32) //parentHash
-    headerArray[2] = zeros(20) //coinbase
-    headerArray[3] = zeros(32) //stateRoot
-    headerArray[4] = zeros(32) //transactionsTrie
-    headerArray[5] = zeros(32) //receiptTrie
-    headerArray[13] = zeros(32) // mixHash
-    headerArray[14] = zeros(8) // nonce
+    // mock header data (if set to new Uint8Array() header throws)
+    headerArray[0] = new Uint8Array(32) //parentHash
+    headerArray[2] = new Uint8Array(20) //coinbase
+    headerArray[3] = new Uint8Array(32) //stateRoot
+    headerArray[4] = new Uint8Array(32) //transactionsTrie
+    headerArray[5] = new Uint8Array(32) //receiptTrie
+    headerArray[13] = new Uint8Array(32) // mixHash
+    headerArray[14] = new Uint8Array(8) // nonce
 
     let header = createBlockHeaderFromBytesArray(headerArray, { common })
     assert.ok(Object.isFrozen(header), 'block should be frozen by default')
@@ -159,15 +158,15 @@ describe('[Block]: Header functions', () => {
   it('Initialization -> createWithdrawalFromBytesArray() -> error cases', () => {
     const headerArray = Array(22).fill(new Uint8Array(0))
 
-    // mock header data (if set to zeros(0) header throws)
-    headerArray[0] = zeros(32) //parentHash
-    headerArray[2] = zeros(20) //coinbase
-    headerArray[3] = zeros(32) //stateRoot
-    headerArray[4] = zeros(32) //transactionsTrie
-    headerArray[5] = zeros(32) //receiptTrie
-    headerArray[13] = zeros(32) // mixHash
-    headerArray[14] = zeros(8) // nonce
-    headerArray[15] = zeros(4) // bad data
+    // mock header data (if set to new Uint8Array() header throws)
+    headerArray[0] = new Uint8Array(32) //parentHash
+    headerArray[2] = new Uint8Array(20) //coinbase
+    headerArray[3] = new Uint8Array(32) //stateRoot
+    headerArray[4] = new Uint8Array(32) //transactionsTrie
+    headerArray[5] = new Uint8Array(32) //receiptTrie
+    headerArray[13] = new Uint8Array(32) // mixHash
+    headerArray[14] = new Uint8Array(8) // nonce
+    headerArray[15] = new Uint8Array(4) // bad data
     try {
       createBlockHeaderFromBytesArray(headerArray)
     } catch (e: any) {

packages/block/test/mergeBlock.spec.ts

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import {
   createZeroAddress,
   equalsBytes,
   hexToBytes,
-  zeros,
 } from '@ethereumjs/util'
 import { assert, describe, it } from 'vitest'
 
@@ -19,21 +18,21 @@ const common = new Common({
 })
 
 function validateMergeHeader(header: BlockHeader) {
-  assert.ok(equalsBytes(header.parentHash, zeros(32)), 'parentHash')
+  assert.ok(equalsBytes(header.parentHash, new Uint8Array(32)), 'parentHash')
   assert.ok(equalsBytes(header.uncleHash, KECCAK256_RLP_ARRAY), 'uncleHash')
   assert.ok(header.coinbase.equals(createZeroAddress()), 'coinbase')
-  assert.ok(equalsBytes(header.stateRoot, zeros(32)), 'stateRoot')
+  assert.ok(equalsBytes(header.stateRoot, new Uint8Array(32)), 'stateRoot')
   assert.ok(equalsBytes(header.transactionsTrie, KECCAK256_RLP), 'transactionsTrie')
   assert.ok(equalsBytes(header.receiptTrie, KECCAK256_RLP), 'receiptTrie')
-  assert.ok(equalsBytes(header.logsBloom, zeros(256)), 'logsBloom')
+  assert.ok(equalsBytes(header.logsBloom, new Uint8Array(256)), 'logsBloom')
   assert.equal(header.difficulty, BigInt(0), 'difficulty')
   assert.equal(header.number, BigInt(0), 'number')
   assert.equal(header.gasLimit, BigInt('0xffffffffffffff'), 'gasLimit')
   assert.equal(header.gasUsed, BigInt(0), 'gasUsed')
   assert.equal(header.timestamp, BigInt(0), 'timestamp')
   assert.ok(header.extraData.length <= 32, 'extraData')
   assert.equal(header.mixHash.length, 32, 'mixHash')
-  assert.ok(equalsBytes(header.nonce, zeros(8)), 'nonce')
+  assert.ok(equalsBytes(header.nonce, new Uint8Array(8)), 'nonce')
 }
 
 describe('[Header]: Casper PoS / The Merge Functionality', () => {

packages/client/src/miner/pendingBlock.ts

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import {
   equalsBytes,
   toBytes,
   toType,
-  zeros,
 } from '@ethereumjs/util'
 import { BuildStatus, buildBlock } from '@ethereumjs/vm'
 import { keccak256 } from 'ethereum-cryptography/keccak'
@@ -121,12 +120,12 @@ export class PendingBlock {
     // potentially included in the fcU in future and can be safely added in uniqueness calc
     const timestampBuf = bigIntToUnpaddedBytes(toType(timestamp ?? 0, TypeOutput.BigInt))
     const gasLimitBuf = bigIntToUnpaddedBytes(gasLimit)
-    const mixHashBuf = toType(mixHash!, TypeOutput.Uint8Array) ?? zeros(32)
+    const mixHashBuf = toType(mixHash!, TypeOutput.Uint8Array) ?? new Uint8Array(32)
     const parentBeaconBlockRootBuf =
-      toType(parentBeaconBlockRoot!, TypeOutput.Uint8Array) ?? zeros(32)
-    const coinbaseBuf = toType(coinbase ?? zeros(20), TypeOutput.Uint8Array)
+      toType(parentBeaconBlockRoot!, TypeOutput.Uint8Array) ?? new Uint8Array(32)
+    const coinbaseBuf = toType(coinbase ?? new Uint8Array(20), TypeOutput.Uint8Array)
 
-    let withdrawalsBuf = zeros(0)
+    let withdrawalsBuf = new Uint8Array()
 
     if (withdrawals !== undefined && withdrawals !== null) {
       const withdrawalsBufTemp: Uint8Array[] = []

packages/client/src/rpc/modules/engine/engine.ts

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import {
   equalsBytes,
   hexToBytes,
   toBytes,
-  zeros,
 } from '@ethereumjs/util'
 
 import { ExecStatus } from '../../../execution/index.js'
@@ -71,7 +70,7 @@ import type { Block, ExecutionPayload } from '@ethereumjs/block'
 import type { PrefixedHexString } from '@ethereumjs/util'
 import type { VM } from '@ethereumjs/vm'
 
-const zeroBlockHash = zeros(32)
+const zeroBlockHash = new Uint8Array(32)
 
 /**
  * engine_* RPC module
@@ -486,7 +485,7 @@ export class Engine {
         const latestValidHash =
           this.chain.blocks.latest !== null
             ? await validHash(this.chain.blocks.latest.hash(), this.chain, this.chainCache)
-            : bytesToHex(zeros(32))
+            : bytesToHex(new Uint8Array(32))
         const response = {
           status: Status.INVALID,
           validationError: this.skeleton.fillStatus.validationError ?? '',
@@ -555,7 +554,7 @@ export class Engine {
       const latestValidHash =
         this.chain.blocks.latest !== null
           ? await validHash(this.chain.blocks.latest.hash(), this.chain, this.chainCache)
-          : bytesToHex(zeros(32))
+          : bytesToHex(new Uint8Array(32))
       const response = {
         status: Status.INVALID,
         validationError: this.skeleton.fillStatus.validationError ?? '',
@@ -978,7 +977,7 @@ export class Engine {
       const latestValidHash =
         this.chain.blocks.latest !== null
           ? await validHash(this.chain.blocks.latest.hash(), this.chain, this.chainCache)
-          : bytesToHex(zeros(32))
+          : bytesToHex(new Uint8Array(32))
       const response = {
         payloadStatus: {
           status: Status.INVALID,

packages/client/src/service/skeleton.ts

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ import {
   formatBigDecimal,
   intToBytes,
   utf8ToBytes,
-  zeros,
 } from '@ethereumjs/util'
 
 import { short, timeDuration } from '../util/index.js'
@@ -89,7 +88,7 @@ export const errReorgDenied = new Error('non-forced head reorg denied')
  */
 export const errSyncMerged = new Error('sync merged')
 
-const zeroBlockHash = zeros(32)
+const zeroBlockHash = new Uint8Array(32)
 /**
  * The Skeleton chain class helps support beacon sync by accepting head blocks
  * while backfill syncing the rest of the chain.

packages/common/test/hardforks.spec.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { hexToBytes, zeros } from '@ethereumjs/util'
+import { hexToBytes } from '@ethereumjs/util'
 import { assert, describe, it } from 'vitest'
 
 import {
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ describe('[Common]: Hardfork logic', () => {
       hardfork: Hardfork.Cancun,
       mergeForkIdPostMerge: true,
     }
-    const genesisHash = zeros(32)
+    const genesisHash = new Uint8Array(32)
     const zeroCommon = createCommonFromGethGenesis(defaultConfig, gethConfig)
 
     const zeroCommonShanghaiFork = zeroCommon.forkHash(Hardfork.Shanghai, genesisHash)