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so so much work
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@gabebrock
gabebrock committed Dec 13, 2023
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68 changes: 65 additions & 3 deletions _site/background.html
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}
}</script>

<script src="https://polyfill.io/v3/polyfill.min.js?features=es6"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-chtml-full.js" type="text/javascript"></script>

<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
</head>
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<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="./index.html" rel="" target="">
<span class="menu-text">Home</span></a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="./codebook.html" rel="" target="">
<span class="menu-text">Codebook</span></a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link active" href="./background.html" rel="" target="" aria-current="page">
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<h2 id="toc-title">On this page</h2>

<ul>
<li><a href="#the-washington-post-fatal-force-database" id="toc-the-washington-post-fatal-force-database" class="nav-link active" data-scroll-target="#the-washington-post-fatal-force-database">The Washington Post Fatal Force Database</a></li>
<li><a href="#proposal" id="toc-proposal" class="nav-link active" data-scroll-target="#proposal">Proposal</a>
<ul class="collapse">
<li><a href="#objectives" id="toc-objectives" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#objectives"><strong>Objectives:</strong></a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#the-washington-post-fatal-force-database" id="toc-the-washington-post-fatal-force-database" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#the-washington-post-fatal-force-database">The Washington Post Fatal Force Database</a></li>
<li><a href="#most-police-dont-live-in-the-cities-they-serve" id="toc-most-police-dont-live-in-the-cities-they-serve" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#most-police-dont-live-in-the-cities-they-serve">Most Police Don’t Live In The Cities They Serve</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
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<blockquote class="blockquote">
<h1 id="on-average-police-in-the-united-states-shoot-and-kill-more-than-1000-people-every-year-according-to-an-ongoing-analysis-by-the-washington-post." style="red">On average, police in the United States shoot and kill more than 1,000 people every year, according to an ongoing analysis by The Washington Post.</h1>
</blockquote>
<section id="the-washington-post-fatal-force-database" class="level2">
<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="the-washington-post-fatal-force-database">The Washington Post Fatal Force Database</h2>
<section id="proposal" class="level1">
<h1>Proposal</h1>
<p>We propose a case study to explore the relationship between police residence and fatal police shootings, employing advanced data science methodologies. Focusing on officers residing in the cities they serve, our project aims to uncover insights and patterns that contribute to a nuanced understanding of this complex issue.</p>
<section id="objectives" class="level3">
<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="objectives"><strong>Objectives:</strong></h3>
<ol type="1">
<li>Investigate the correlation between police residence and fatal police shootings.</li>
<li>Utilize a comprehensive dataset spanning 2015 to 2023, focusing on police agencies involved in at least one fatal shooting.</li>
<li>Apply advanced statistical methods and machine learning techniques to identify patterns and potential biases.</li>
<li>Examine disparities in incident rates based on officers’ residency status, considering demographic, socioeconomic, and policing variables.</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Methodology:</strong></p>
<ol type="a">
<li>Data Collection:
<ul>
<li>Compile a dataset comprising information on police agencies involved in fatal police shootings.</li>
<li>Compile a data set of census variables such as officer residency, race, community demographics, and departmental policies.</li>
</ul></li>
<li>Analysis:
<ul>
<li>Employ advanced statistical methods and machine learning techniques to discern patterns and correlations.</li>
<li>Conduct a comprehensive exploration of variables influencing fatal police shootings.</li>
</ul></li>
</ol>
<p><strong>Hypothesis and Expected Outcomes:</strong></p>
<p>We will conduct two hypothesis tests to analyze both;</p>
<ul>
<li><p>the nominal relationship between an increasing proportion of in-city officer residency and number of fatal police shooting deaths and</p></li>
<li><p>the categorical difference in fatal police shooting deaths between cities where a majority or or minority of police officers live in the city.</p></li>
</ul>
<ol type="1">
<li><p>Inference for a Difference in Proportions</p>
<ul>
<li><p><span class="math inline">\(H_0\)</span>: The mean total number of fatal shootings per agencies does not differ based on if a majority of the officers live in the city or not.</p></li>
<li><p><span class="math inline">\(H_A\)</span>: The mean total number of fatal shootings per agencies is fewer in cities where a majority of the officers live in the city then cities where they do not.</p>
<ul>
<li><span class="math inline">\(H_0 : p\_{maj} − p\_{min} = 0\)</span>, or equivalently <span class="math inline">\(H_0 : p\_{maj} = p\_{min}\)</span></li>
<li><span class="math inline">\(H_A : p\_{maj} − p\_{min} &lt; 0\)</span>, or equivalently <span class="math inline">\(H_A : p\_{maj} &lt; p\_{min}\)</span></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>Inference for a Correlation</p>
<ul>
<li><p><span class="math inline">\(H_O\)</span>: There is no relationship between percentage of the total police force that lives in the city they serve and number of fatal shootings.</p></li>
<li><p><span class="math inline">\(H_A\)</span>: There is a relationship between percentage of the total police force that lives in the city they serve and number of fatal shootings.</p>
<ul>
<li><p><span class="math inline">\(H_0 : \rho = 0\)</span></p></li>
<li><p><span class="math inline">\(H_0 : \rho \neq 0\)</span></p></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
</ol>
</section>
</section>
<section id="the-washington-post-fatal-force-database" class="level1">
<h1>The Washington Post Fatal Force Database</h1>
<p>In 2015, The Washington Post <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/investigations/police-shootings-database/">began tracking</a> details about each police-involved killing in the United States — the race of the deceased, the circumstances of the shooting, whether the person was armed and whether the person was experiencing a mental-health crisis — by manually culling local news reports, collecting information from law enforcement websites and social media, and monitoring independent databases such as <a href="https://fatalencounters.org/">Fatal Encounters</a> and the now-defunct Killed by Police project. In many cases, The Post conducts additional reporting.</p>
<p>In 2022, The Post updated its database to standardize and publish the names of the police agencies involved in each shooting to better measure accountability at the department level.</p>
<p>The 2014 killing of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Mo. began a protest movement culminating in the Black Lives Matter movement and an increased focus on police accountability nationwide. In this data set, The Post tracks only shootings with circumstances closely paralleling those like the killing of Brown — incidents in which a police officer, in the line of duty, shoots and kills a civilian. The Post is not tracking deaths of people in police custody, fatal shootings by off-duty officers or non-shooting deaths in this data set.</p>
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes">


<title>Police Shootings - About</title>
<title>Police Shootings - Codebook</title>
<style>
code{white-space: pre-wrap;}
span.smallcaps{font-variant: small-caps;}
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<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="./index.html" rel="" target="">
<span class="menu-text">Home</span></a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link active" href="./codebook.html" rel="" target="" aria-current="page">
<span class="menu-text">Codebook</span></a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="./background.html" rel="" target="">
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<!-- sidebar -->
<!-- margin-sidebar -->
<div id="quarto-margin-sidebar" class="sidebar margin-sidebar">

<nav id="TOC" role="doc-toc" class="toc-active">
<h2 id="toc-title">On this page</h2>

<ul>
<li><a href="#explanatory-variables" id="toc-explanatory-variables" class="nav-link active" data-scroll-target="#explanatory-variables">Explanatory Variables</a>
<ul class="collapse">
<li><a href="#incident-information" id="toc-incident-information" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#incident-information">Incident Information</a></li>
<li><a href="#agency-information" id="toc-agency-information" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#agency-information">Agency Information</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#project-thoughts" id="toc-project-thoughts" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#project-thoughts">Project thoughts</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
<!-- main -->
<main class="content" id="quarto-document-content">

<header id="title-block-header" class="quarto-title-block default">
<div class="quarto-title">
<h1 class="title">About</h1>
<h1 class="title">Codebook</h1>
</div>


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</header>

<p>About this site</p>
<div class="cell">
<div class="sourceCode cell-code" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode r code-with-copy"><code class="sourceCode r"><span id="cb1-1"><a href="#cb1-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="dv">1</span> <span class="sc">+</span> <span class="dv">1</span></span></code><button title="Copy to Clipboard" class="code-copy-button"><i class="bi"></i></button></pre></div>
<div class="cell-output cell-output-stdout">
<pre><code>[1] 2</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<section id="explanatory-variables" class="level2">
<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="explanatory-variables">Explanatory Variables</h2>
<table class="table">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 34%">
<col style="width: 65%">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th>Name</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td><code>city</code></td>
<td>U.S. city</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><code>police_force_size</code></td>
<td>Number of police officers serving that city</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><code>all</code></td>
<td>Percentage of the total police force that lives in the city</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><code>white</code></td>
<td>Percentage of white (non-Hispanic) police officers who live in the city</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><code>non-white</code></td>
<td>Percentage of non-white police officers who live in the city</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><code>black</code></td>
<td>Percentage of black police officers who live in the city</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><code>hispanic</code></td>
<td>Percentage of Hispanic police officers who live in the city</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><code>asian</code></td>
<td>Percentage of Asian police officers who live in the city</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<section id="incident-information" class="level3">
<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="incident-information">Incident Information</h3>
<table class="table">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 34%">
<col style="width: 65%">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th>Name</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td><code>id</code></td>
<td>A unique identifier for each fatal police shooting incident.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><code>date</code></td>
<td>The date of the fatal shooting.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><code>body_camera</code></td>
<td>Whether news reports have indicated an officer was wearing a body camera and it may have recorded some portion of the incident.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><code>city</code></td>
<td>The municipality where the fatal shooting took place</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><code>county</code></td>
<td>County where the fatal shooting took place.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><code>state</code></td>
<td>The two-letter postal code abbreviation for the state in which the fatal shooting took place.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><code>latitude</code></td>
<td>The latitude location of the shooting expressed as WGS84 coordinates, geocoded from addresses. Please note that the precision and accuracy of incident coordinates varies depending on the precision of the input address which is often only available at the block level.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><code>longitude</code></td>
<td>The longitude location of the shooting expressed as WGS84 coordinates, geocoded from addresses.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
<section id="agency-information" class="level3">
<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="agency-information">Agency Information</h3>
<table class="table">
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th></th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td><code>id</code></td>
<td>Department Database Id</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td><code>name</code></td>
<td>Department Name</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td><code>state</code></td>
<td>State in which the agency is located.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
</section>
<section id="project-thoughts" class="level2">
<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="project-thoughts">Project thoughts</h2>
<p>I am interested in exploring data related to…</p>
<ul>
<li>Political Extremism</li>
<li>Black American Opinion</li>
</ul>


</section>

</main> <!-- /main -->
<script id="quarto-html-after-body" type="application/javascript">
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