Enable 24.04 CI, remove distutils dependency

[scpeters]

🎉 New feature

Attempting to enable CI on 24.04

Summary

The python3-distutils package is not available on 24.04, but we only use it in a codepath for old versions of cmake. Since we are already requiring cmake 3.22.1 in gz-cmake4, we can require that version in gz-math8 as well and remove code for old versions of cmake.

This isn't quite working yet due to an error using pip with python 3.12 on Noble.

Test it

Checklist

• Signed all commits for DCO
• Added tests
• Added example and/or tutorial
• Updated documentation (as needed)
• Updated migration guide (as needed)
• Consider updating Python bindings (if the library has them)
• codecheck passed (See contributing)
• All tests passed (See test coverage)
• While waiting for a review on your PR, please help review another open pull request to support the maintainers

Note to maintainers: Remember to use Squash-Merge and edit the commit message to match the pull request summary while retaining Signed-off-by messages.