feat(ingest): Add span instrumentation for process_transaction_no_celery

[0Calories]

We have a new function that process transactions in the Kafka consumer itself instead of starting a celery task, this PR adds some spans some we can get some observability into the performance of this code path

[lynnagara]

🙏

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 66.66667% with 2 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

✅ All tests successful. No failed tests found.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/sentry/ingest/consumer/processors.py	66.66%	2 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master   #79238      +/-   ##
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- Coverage   78.27%   78.27%   -0.01%     
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  Files        7137     7136       -1     
  Lines      314617   314638      +21     
  Branches    51367    51376       +9     
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- Hits       246273   246270       -3     
- Misses      61897    61916      +19     
- Partials     6447     6452       +5     

[ghengiskhanh]

I know sampling may be low. But would it help if we put this in a feature flag in case we need to turn it off?

[0Calories]

@ghengiskhanh these SDK calls are only present in the code path where no_celery_mode is enabled, which is only enabled for s4s at the moment so it's safe. In the worst case I can also revert this PR, so I don't think a feature flag is needed