Improve CI performance w/ more uv #448

Job	Run time
Verify dev env (ubuntu-latest)	10s
Build & verify package	22s
Verify dev env (windows-latest)	48s
Build docs & run doctests	13s
Tests on 3.8	23s
Type-check package	14s
Type-check API on 3.8	15s
Tests on 3.9	17s
Type-check API on 3.9	16s
Tests on 3.10	17s
Type-check API on 3.10	13s
Tests on 3.11	16s
Type-check API on 3.11	14s
Tests on 3.12	18s
Type-check API on 3.12	16s
Combine & check coverage	11s
Ensure everything required is passing for branch protection	2s
	4m 45s

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