Statistical and spectral features extraction for audio analysis.
Obtained using the time domain.
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| Energy | Sum of the squared amplitude of the signal. |
| Power | Sum of the squared amplitude over one period of the signal. |
| Root-mean-square | Sum of the absolute value of the amplitude over one period of the signal. |
| Zero–crossing rate | Average rate of change of the signal’s sign. |
Obtained using the frequency domain.
| Feature | Description | Formula |
|---|---|---|
| Spectral centroid | Energetic center of the signal. | |
| Spectral spread | Deviation of the energy of the signal with respect to the centroid. | |
| Spectral skewness | Lateral localization of the energy of the signal. | |
| Spectral kurtosis | Weigthed presence of the outliers in the signal’s tails. | |
| Spectral rolloff | Estimation of the cutoff frequency of the signal. | |
| Spectral decrease | Average drop of the signal’s energy. | |
| Spectral slope | Degree of the steepness of the signal. | |
| Spectral peak | Frequency with highest energy concentration within the signal. | |
| Spectral crest | Ratio of the spectral peak to the signal’s mean. | |
| Spectral entropy | White noise percentage of the signal. | |
| Spectral flatness | Ratio of the signal’s geometric mean to its arithmetic mean. |