RustBox

Playing with Rust

• Rust Docs
• Rust Book
• Standard Library
• Crates.io

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Getting Started

curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh

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Check Version

rustc --version
cargo --version

Cargo - official package manager.

cargo new myproject
cd myproject
cargo build

cargo check - checks if code compiles without compiling
executable - is in target/debug

cargo install cargo-script - llows you to quickly execute standalone Rust scripts without needing a full Cargo project structure
cargo script src/[filename].rs - runs a specific Rust script ([filename].rs) located in the src folder, without requiring a Cargo.toml or the full project setup

rustc - Compiles individual Rust source files into executable binaries. cargo - Manages Rust projects, builds, and runs code, handles dependencies.
cargo new - Creates a new Rust project (binary or library).
cargo build- Compiles the project.
cargo run - Compiles and runs the project.
cargo run -q - Runs the project without displaying the build output (quiet mode).
cargo test - Runs the project's tests.
cargo clean - Removes build artifacts (the target/ directory).
cargo update - Updates project dependencies to the latest versions.
cargo check - Checks the code for errors without compiling.
cargo doc - Generates documentation for the project.
cargo publish - Publishes the crate to crates.io.
cargo install - installs a binary or tool from crates.io.
rustup - manages Rust toolchains and versions.
rustup component add - Adds additional components (e.g., Clippy, Rustfmt).
rustup target add - Adds a target architecture for cross-compilation.
rustdoc - Generates documentation from Rust source comments.
cargo bench - Runs benchmark tests (requires nightly toolchain).
cargo fix - Automatically fixes code for compatibility with the latest Rust edition.
cargo uninstall - Uninstalls a previously installed binary.
cargo new --vcs - Initializes a new project with version control (e.g., Git).

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Memory Allocation: Ownership, Borrowing, and Lifetimes

Ownership

1. Each value in Rust has an owner.
2. There can only be one owner at a time.
3. When the owner goes out of scope, the value will be dropped.

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Data Types

Statically typed.

Scalar Types: Represent a single value:

• Signed Integers: i8, i16, i32, i64, i128, isize (no decimal places)
• Unsigned Integers: u8, u16, u32, u64, u128, usize (no decimal places)

Floating-Point Types:

• f32: 32-bit floating point

• f64: 64-bit floating point (default)

• bool: Values can be true or false.

• char: Represents a single Unicode scalar value.

Compound Types: group multiple values into one type.

• Tuples have a fixed length: (value1, value2, ...).
• Arrays have a fixed length: [element; length].

Rust also provides ways to define custom data types using struct and enum.

• Used to create custom data types.

  struct User {
      username: String,
      email: String,
      sign_in_count: u64,
      active: bool,
  }

Explicit Return

Explicitly return a value using the return keyword, followed by the value to return. This is optional because Rust allows returning the result of the last expression without using return.

fn add(a: i32, b: i32) -> i32 {
    return a + b;  // Explicitly returns the sum of a and b
    // IMPLICIT return
    // a + b   -- as long as there is NO SEMICOLON
}