Git and Github

Git is a distrubuted version control system / tool, while Github is a web-based hosting service for git repositories.

Basic Git Workflow:

Local storage --> Staging area --> Github

git status
git add .
git status
git commit -m "initial commit"

git remote set-url origin https://<SSH Key>@github.com/<user>/<repo>
git push origin main

Git-Commands

List of Git commands

Add files into the Staging area

• Command: git add file1 file2
• Command: git add . - to add everything at once
• Command: git add ./folder - to add any specific folder
• Command: git add *.py - to add all files with the given suffix

Commiting

• Command: git commit -m "initial commit"
• Command: git commit -m "Fixed the bug that ..."

If you need to remove a single file from the staging area, use

• git reset HEAD -- <file>

If you need to remove a whole directory (folder) from the staging area, use

• git reset HEAD -- <directoryName>

Your modifications will be kept. When you run git status the file will once again show up as modified but not yet staged.

To unstage a specific file

• git reset <file> -> That will remove the file from the current index (the "about to be committed" list) without changing anything else.

To unstage all files from the current change set:

• git reset

Push an existing repository from the command line

• git remote add origin <url> -> Add the URL for the remote repository where your local repository will be pushed
• git remote add origin https://github.com/<user>/<repo>.git
• git push origin master

Create Personal Access Token on GitHub

From 2021-08-13, GitHub is no longer accepting account passwords when authenticating Git operations. You need to add a PAT (Personal Access Token) instead, and you can follow the below method to add a PAT on your system.

From your GitHub account, go to Settings → Developer Settings → Personal Access Token → Tokens (classic) → Generate New Token (Give your password) → Fillup the form → click Generate token → Copy the generated Token, it will be something like ghp_sFhFsSHhTzMDreGRLjmks4Tzuzgthdvfsrta

Clone on Linux/Debian (git clone as follows):

git clone https://<tokenhere>@github.com/<user>/<repo>.git