Add `shellcheck` and `pre-commit` to CI jobs #5869

Job	Run time
no-crlf	19s
cppcheck	7m 2s
clang-format	19s
rstcheck	23s
pre-commit-hooks	1m 6s
shellcheck	18s
vale	33s
black	32s
copyright_headers	17s
flake8	28s
forbidden_types	16s
isort	12s
lychee_IGNORED	29s
mypy	36s
pydocstyle	27s
pylint	38s
unused_names	15s
sphinx-rtd	3m 41s
sphinx-conda	0s
build_linux (ubuntu-22.04, gcc, boost, optimize, warning)	13m 37s
build_linux (ubuntu-22.04, gcc, openmp, python, gsl, ltdl, boost, optimize, warning)	18m 34s
build_macos (macos-latest, clang, openmp, mpi, python, gsl, ltdl, boost, hdf5, optimize, warning)	10m 15s
build_linux (ubuntu-22.04, gcc, mpi, python, gsl, ltdl, boost, optimize, warning)	18m 8s
build_linux (ubuntu-22.04, gcc, openmp, mpi, python, gsl, ltdl, boost, hdf5, sionlib, libneurosim...	25m 16s
	1h 43m 41s

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