module: improve error message for top-level await in CommonJS

src/node_contextify.cc

@@ -1611,7 +1611,8 @@ static std::vector<std::string_view> throws_only_in_cjs_error_messages = {
     "Identifier '__filename' has already been declared",
     "Identifier '__dirname' has already been declared",
     "await is only valid in async functions and "
-    "the top level bodies of modules"};
+    "the top level bodies of modules",
+    "Identifier 'require' has already been declared",};
 
 // If cached_data is provided, it would be used for the compilation and
 // the on-disk compilation cache from NODE_COMPILE_CACHE (if configured)
@@ -1816,6 +1817,17 @@ bool ShouldRetryAsESM(Realm* realm,
   Utf8Value message_value(isolate, message);
   auto message_view = message_value.ToStringView();
 
+  for (const auto& error_message : throws_only_in_cjs_error_messages) {
+    if (message_view.find(error_message) != std::string_view::npos) {
+      isolate->ThrowException(v8::Exception::SyntaxError(
+          String::NewFromUtf8(isolate,
+                              "Top-level await is not supported in CommonJS. "
+                              "Consider using ESM or wrap await in an async function.")
+              .ToLocalChecked()));
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
   // These indicates that the file contains syntaxes that are only valid in
   // ESM. So it must be true.
   for (const auto& error_message : esm_syntax_error_messages) {

test/parallel/test-commonjs-top-level-await.js

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+'use strict';
+require('../common');
+
+const { spawnSync } = require('node:child_process');
+const assert = require('node:assert');
+
+const result = spawnSync(process.execPath, ['-e', `
+  const port = await getPort();
+`]);
+
+assert.strictEqual(result.stderr.includes('Top-level await is not supported in CommonJS'), true);