Scala CRDTs

(work in progress)

Features

• Immutable
• Property tested
• Uses Dotted Version Vector Sets to ease causal CRDTs development
• Delta Replication Enabled
• Configurable serialization / Multi-lang interoperability
• Configurable persistent backend
• Extensible (create your own types of CRDTs)

Causality Tracking

Dot Context

Provides a compact causal history.

Dot Kernel

Provides values with their related causal information.

DotKernel Merge Diagram

this Kernel
 ___________________________
|                           |
|  this context             |
|     ________________      |
|     |+this +++++++++|     |
|     |+dotted vals ++|     |
|     |++++ __________|_____|__________ 
|     |++++|----------|     |          |
|     |++++|----------|     |          |
|     |++++|-----_____|_____|____      |
|     |++++|-----|++++|-----|++++|     |
|     |++++|-----|++++|-----|++++|     |
|     |++++|-----|++++|-----|++++|     |
|     |++++|-----|++++|-----|++++|     |
|     |++++|-----|++++|-----|++++|     |
|     |____|_____|____|-----|++++|     |
|          |     |----------|++++|     |
|          |     |----------|++++|     |
|__________|_____|__________|++++|     |
           |     |+ other +++++++|     |
           |     |+ dotted vals +|     |
           |     |_______________|     |
           |                           |
           |   other context           |
           |___________________________|
                          other Kernel

TODO

• Use server ids instead of client ids to improve scalability (instead of client ids when creating the value)
  • Causality update coalescing (only set an id when querying the server)
• Investigate causal transactions (to allow client to see a group of updates on multiple CRDTs or none of them)

References

• Lamport, L. (1978). "Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system" (PDF). Communications of the ACM . 21 (7): 558–565. doi:10.1145/359545.359563.

• Mattern, F. (October 1988), "Virtual Time and Global States of Distributed Systems", in Cosnard, M., Proc. Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Algorithms, Chateau de Bonas, France: Elsevier, pp. 215–226

• Dynamo: Amazon’s Highly Available Key-value Store, SOSP 2007

• Shapiro, Marc; Preguiça, Nuno; Baquero, Carlos; Zawirski, Marek (2011), Conflict-Free Replicated Data Types, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 6976 (Proc 13th International Symposium, SSS 2011), Grenoble, France: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 386–400, ISBN 978-3-642-24549-7, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-24550-3_29

• Shapiro, Marc; Preguiça, Nuno; Baquero, Carlos; Zawirski, Marek (13 January 2011). "A Comprehensive Study of Convergent and Commutative Replicated Data Types". RR-7506. HAL - Inria.

• Shapiro, Marc; Preguiça, Nuno (2007). "Designing a Commutative Replicated Data Type". Computing Research Repository (CoRR). abs/0710.1784.

• Letia, Mihai; Preguiça, Nuno; Shapiro, Marc (2009). "CRDTs: Consistency without Concurrency Control". Computing Research Repository (CoRR). abs/0907.0929.

• Letia, Mihai; Preguiça, Nuno; Shapiro, Marc (1 April 2010). "Consistency without Concurrency Control in Large, Dynamic Systems". SIGOPS Oper. Syst. Rev. ACM. 44: 29–34. doi:10.1145/1773912.1773921.

• Baquero, Carlos; Almeida, Paulo Sérgio; Shoker, Ali (2014-06-03). Magoutis, Kostas; Pietzuch, Peter, eds. Making Operation-Based CRDTs Operation-Based. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 126–140. ISBN 9783662433515. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-43352-2_11.

• Burckhardt, S., Gotsman, A., Yang, H., Zawirski, M.: Replicated data types: specification, verification, optimality. In Jagannathan, S., Sewell, P., eds.: POPL, ACM (2014) 271–284

• https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01158370v1/document

• (?) Dotted Version Vectors: Logical Clocks for Optimistic Replication

• (?) (improved dvvs? / related to storage) https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01775033/document

• *** https://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=2917756

CRDTs and the Quest for Distributed Consistency: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B5NULPSiOGw

Composition of State-based CRDTs http://haslab.uminho.pt/cbm/files/crdtcompositionreport.pdf

http://archagon.net/blog/2018/03/24/data-laced-with-history/ http://google.github.io/xi-editor/docs/crdt-details.html bounded counters https://arxiv.org/pdf/1503.09052.pdf

• big sets https://pages.lip6.fr/syncfree/index.php/2-uncategorised/53-big-sets.html

Why not OT

http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.53.933&rep=rep1&type=pdf http://www3.ntu.edu.sg/home/czsun/projects/otfaq/#_Toc321146192 http://google.github.io/xi-editor/docs/crdt-details.html "On Consistency of Operational Transformation Approach" https://arxiv.org/pdf/1302.3292.pdf

Why CRDTs API over "simple" REST API

• https://writings.quilt.org/2014/05/12/distributed-systems-and-the-end-of-the-api/

Inspiration

https://github.com/jemc/pony-crdt/ https://github.com/SyncFree/SwiftCloud/ https://github.com/CBaquero/delta-enabled-crdts/ https://github.com/ipfs-shipyard/js-delta-crdts/