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Some missing traits for Radial intervals at 0 (S135) (#1191)
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pzjp authored Jan 18, 2025
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion spaces/S000135/README.md
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- doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-6290-9
name: Counterexamples in Topology
---
The radial interval topology on the plane $\mathbb{R}^2$ is generated by the basis consisting of open intervals disjoint from the origin on lines passing through the origin, along with sets of the form $\cup\{I_\theta : 0 \leq \theta < \pi\}$ where $I_\theta$ is an open interval about the origin on the line with slope $\tan\theta$.
The radial interval topology on the plane $X=\mathbb{R}^2$ is generated by the basis consisting of open intervals disjoint from the origin on lines passing through the origin, along with sets of the form $\bigcup\{I_\theta : 0 \leq \theta < \pi\}$ where $I_\theta$ is an open interval about the origin on the line with slope $\tan\theta$.

Defined as counterexample #141 ("Radial Interval Topology")
in {{doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-6290-9}}.
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---
space: S000135
property: P000008
property: P000030
value: true
refs:
- doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-6290-9_6
name: Counterexamples in Topology
---

See item #2 for space #141 in {{doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-6290-9_6}}.
See item #5 for space #141 in {{doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-6290-9_6}}
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name: Counterexamples in Topology
---

Asserted in the General Reference Chart for space #141 in
{{doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-6290-9_6}}.
A basic neighbourhood is either a Euclidean segment or the union of a family of such segments with nonempty intersection.
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---
space: S000135
property: P000080
value: true
refs:
- doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-6290-9_6
name: Counterexamples in Topology
---

Take $A\subseteq X$ and $p\in \overline A\setminus A$. If $p\neq(0,0)$ then it admits a countable base of neighbourhoods and picking elements of $A$ from each of those neighbourhoods we obtain the required sequence.
For $p=(0,0)$, there has to exist at least one ray
containing elements of $A$ arbitrarily close to $p$. Otherwise a neighbourhood of the origin disjoint from $A$ could be found.
Hence there exists a sequence in $A$ converging to $p$.
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---
space: S000135
property: P000086
value: false
refs:
- doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-6290-9_6
name: Counterexamples in Topology
---

{S135|P23}. But every point
except the origin has a locally compact neighbourhood (homeomorphic to {S25}).
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---
space: S000135
property: P000089
value: false
refs:
- doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-6290-9_6
name: Counterexamples in Topology
---

Consider the map $f:X\to X$ given by
- $f((x,0))= (x+1,0)$ if $x\geq 0$
- $f((x,y))= (1,0)$ if $y\neq 0$ or $x\leq 0$.

$f$ is continuous but has no fixed point.
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---
space: S000135
property: P000132
value: true
refs:
- doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-6290-9_6
name: Counterexamples in Topology
---

Since $X\setminus\{(0,0)\}$ is homeomorphic to the disjoint union of copies of the real line
and {S25|P132}, every open set in $X$ missing the origin is an $F_\sigma$.
It remains to show that the origin has a basis of open $F_\sigma$ neighborhoods.
Consider $U=\bigcup\{(-\varepsilon_\theta,\varepsilon_\theta)p_\theta: 0\leq \theta< \pi\}$, with $\varepsilon_\theta>0$
and $p_\theta=(\cos\theta,\sin\theta)$ for each angle $0\leq \theta < \pi$. Then the set
$V:=\bigcup\{[-\varepsilon_\theta,\varepsilon_\theta]p_\theta: 0\leq \theta< \pi\}$ is closed
and $U=\bigcup_{n=2}^\infty (1-1/n)V$.

Therefore every open subset of $X$ can be represented as a union of two $F_\sigma$ sets, so it is $F_\sigma$ as well.
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---
space: S000135
property: P000166
value: true
---

The Euclidean topology on the plane is coarser than the topology on $X$.
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---
space: S000135
property: P000187
value: false
---

P2 has a winning strategy at $(0,0)$. It is enough to pick
each of the points $p_n$ on a different line passing through the origin. Then there exists a neighbourgood of $(0,0)$ not containing any of those points.
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---
space: S000135
property: P000198
value: false
refs:
- doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-6290-9_6
name: Counterexamples in Topology
---

This topology is finer than {S134},
(cf. item #1 for space #141 in {{doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-6290-9_6}})
and {S134|P198}.
7 changes: 7 additions & 0 deletions spaces/S000135/properties/P000199.md
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---
space: S000135
property: P000199
value: true
---

The map $X\times[0,1] \ni (\vec x,t)\mapsto (1-t)\vec x\in X$ is a homotopy between the identity and a constant map.
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---
space: S000135
property: P000205
value: true
refs:
- doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-6290-9_6
name: Counterexamples in Topology
---

$X$ is {P36}, for example because {S135|P199}.

For every $p\in X\setminus\{(0,0)\}$ the proper subset
$\{\lambda p: \lambda >1\}$ is clopen in $X\setminus\{p\}$.
In the subspace $X\setminus\{(0,0)\}$ every half-line
starting at the origin is clopen.
Hence for every $p\in X$ the space $X\setminus\{p\}$ is not connected.
12 changes: 12 additions & 0 deletions spaces/S000135/properties/P000206.md
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---
space: S000135
property: P000206
value: true
refs:
- doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-6290-9_6
name: Counterexamples in Topology
---

Observe that there are two cases: either the origin belongs to $U_n$ for every $n< \omega$ and the game is lost for the first player or for some $n$, the origin is not in $U_n$. Then the second player can pick $V_n$ contained in a line passing through the origin.
After that, the game is played on the real line and
{S25|P206}.

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