refactor: Optimize dockerfiles for production images #12029

Job	Run time
build_js	2m 32s
build_opam (4.14.x)	2m 53s
build_details	3s
build_opam (5.2.x)	2m 53s
lezer_parse	50s
build_win32 (x64)	2m 14s
build_no_depopts	2m 31s
build_posix (debian_trixie, amd64)	2m 31s
tree_sitter_parse	48s
build_posix (debian_trixie, arm64)	1m 55s
run_tests (@citest)	2m 30s
run_tests (@doctest)	2m 29s
update_doc	0s
run_tests (@mediatest)	2m 29s
build_posix (debian_bookworm, amd64)	2m 30s
build_posix (debian_bookworm, arm64)	2m 4s
build_posix (ubuntu_oracular, amd64)	2m 30s
build_posix (ubuntu_oracular, arm64)	1m 47s
build_posix (ubuntu_noble, amd64)	2m 29s
build_posix (ubuntu_noble, arm64)	1m 49s
build_posix (alpine, amd64)	2m 30s
build_posix (alpine, arm64)	2m 7s
fetch_s3_artifacts	1s
build_docker_alpine	1s
build_docker	1s
build_docker_alpine_minimal	1s
update_release	1s
build_docker_minimal	1s
build_docker_release	1s
build_docker_release-minimal	1s
	44m 32s

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