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papers/Gagnon_Kebe_Tahiri/main.tex

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 \begin{abstract}
-The peracarid taxon Cumacea is an essential indicator of benthic quality in marine ecosystems. This study investigated the influence of environmental (i.e., biological or ecosystemic), climatic (i.e., meteorological or atmospheric), and geographic (i.e., spatial or regional) variables on their genetic variability in the Northern North Atlantic, focusing on Icelandic waters. We analyzed partial sequences of the 16S rRNA mitochondrial gene from 62 Cumacea specimens. Using the \textit{aPhyloGeo} software, we compared these sequences with relevant parameters such as latitude (decimal degree) at the end of sampling, wind speed (m/s) at the start of sampling, O\textsubscript{2} concentration (mg/L), and depth (m) at the start of sampling.
+The peracarid taxon Cumacea is an essential indicator of benthic quality in marine ecosystems. This study investigated the influence of environmental (i.e., biological or ecosystemic), climatic (i.e., meteorological or atmospheric), and spatial (i.e., geographic or regional) variables on their genetic adaptability in the Northern North Atlantic, focusing on Icelandic waters. We analyzed partial sequences of the 16S rRNA mitochondrial gene from 62 Cumacea specimens. Using the \textit{aPhyloGeo} software, we compared these sequences with relevant parameters such as latitude (decimal degree) at the end of sampling, wind speed (m/s) at the start of sampling, O\textsubscript{2} concentration (mg/L), and depth (m) at the start of sampling.
 
 Our analyses revealed variability in most spatial and biological variables, reflecting the diversity of ecological requirements and benthic habitats. The most common Cumacea families, Diastylidae and Leuconidae, suggest adaptations to various marine environments. Phylogeographic analysis showed a divergence between specific genetic sequences and two habitat variables: wind speed (m/s) at the start of sampling and O\textsubscript{2} concentration (mg/L). This may suggest potential divergent local adaptation to these fluctuating conditions.