Extract operation name and type from execution context

[jkimbo]

Description

Add properties to ExecutionContext to extract the operation name and type from the graphql document.

Types of Changes

• Core
• Bugfix
• New feature
• Enhancement/optimization
• Documentation

Issues Fixed or Closed by This PR

Checklist

• My code follows the code style of this project.
• My change requires a change to the documentation.
• I have updated the documentation accordingly.
• I have read the CONTRIBUTING document.
• I have added tests to cover my changes.
• I have tested the changes and verified that they work and don't break anything (as well as I can manage).

[botberry]

Thanks for adding the RELEASE.md file!

Here's a preview of the changelog:

---

This release operation_type to the ExecutionContext type that is available
in extensions. It also gets the operation_name from the query if one isn't
provided by the client.

---

Here's the preview release card for twitter:

Here's the tweet text:

🆕 Release (next) is out! Thanks to Jonathan Kim for the PR 👏

Get it here 👉 https://github.com/strawberry-graphql/strawberry/releases/tag/(next)

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #1286 (b60b6f9) into main (6f7b5d2) will increase coverage by 0.03%.
The diff coverage is 97.87%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #1286      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   98.09%   98.12%   +0.03%     
==========================================
  Files         118      127       +9     
  Lines        4039     4379     +340     
  Branches      579      743     +164     
==========================================
+ Hits         3962     4297     +335     
- Misses         41       42       +1     
- Partials       36       40       +4     

[jkimbo]

@BryceBeagle @patrick91 this is ready for review again.