Don't crash when hitting long backoffs. (#458)

Motivation:

If we backoff sufficiently far we can overflow Int64, which will cause
us to crash.

Modifications:

Clamp the backoff value before we convert to Int64.

Results:

No crashes!

Sources/AsyncHTTPClient/ConnectionPool/State Machine/HTTPConnectionPool+Backoff.swift

@@ -46,9 +46,12 @@ extension HTTPConnectionPool {
         //   - 29 failed attempts: ~60s (max out)
 
         let start = Double(TimeAmount.milliseconds(100).nanoseconds)
-        let backoffNanoseconds = Int64(start * pow(1.25, Double(attempts - 1)))
+        let backoffNanosecondsDouble = start * pow(1.25, Double(attempts - 1))
 
-        let backoff: TimeAmount = min(.nanoseconds(backoffNanoseconds), .seconds(60))
+        // Cap to 60s _before_ we convert to Int64, to avoid trapping in the Int64 initializer.
+        let backoffNanoseconds = Int64(min(backoffNanosecondsDouble, Double(TimeAmount.seconds(60).nanoseconds)))
+
+        let backoff = TimeAmount.nanoseconds(backoffNanoseconds)
 
         // Calculate a 3% jitter range
         let jitterRange = (backoff.nanoseconds / 100) * 3

Tests/AsyncHTTPClientTests/HTTPConnectionPoolTests+XCTest.swift

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ extension HTTPConnectionPoolTests {
             ("testConnectionCreationIsRetriedUntilRequestIsCancelled", testConnectionCreationIsRetriedUntilRequestIsCancelled),
             ("testConnectionShutdownIsCalledOnActiveConnections", testConnectionShutdownIsCalledOnActiveConnections),
             ("testConnectionPoolStressResistanceHTTP1", testConnectionPoolStressResistanceHTTP1),
+            ("testBackoffBehavesSensibly", testBackoffBehavesSensibly),
         ]
     }
 }

Tests/AsyncHTTPClientTests/HTTPConnectionPoolTests.swift

@@ -453,6 +453,32 @@ class HTTPConnectionPoolTests: XCTestCase {
         pool.shutdown()
         XCTAssertNoThrow(try poolDelegate.future.wait())
     }
+
+    func testBackoffBehavesSensibly() throws {
+        var backoff = HTTPConnectionPool.calculateBackoff(failedAttempt: 1)
+
+        // The value should be 100ms±3ms
+        XCTAssertLessThanOrEqual((backoff - .milliseconds(100)).nanoseconds.magnitude, TimeAmount.milliseconds(3).nanoseconds.magnitude)
+
+        // Should always increase
+        // We stop when we get within the jitter of 60s, which is 1.8s
+        var attempt = 1
+        while backoff < (.seconds(60) - .milliseconds(1800)) {
+            attempt += 1
+            let newBackoff = HTTPConnectionPool.calculateBackoff(failedAttempt: attempt)
+
+            XCTAssertGreaterThan(newBackoff, backoff)
+            backoff = newBackoff
+        }
+
+        // Ok, now we should be able to do a hundred increments, and always hit 60s, plus or minus 1.8s of jitter.
+        for offset in 0..<100 {
+            XCTAssertLessThanOrEqual(
+                (HTTPConnectionPool.calculateBackoff(failedAttempt: attempt + offset) - .seconds(60)).nanoseconds.magnitude,
+                TimeAmount.milliseconds(1800).nanoseconds.magnitude
+            )
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 class TestDelegate: HTTPConnectionPoolDelegate {