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<div align="center"> | ||
<img src="asset/topbanner.png"/> | ||
</div> | ||
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<div align="center"> | ||
<a href="#"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/面向-笔记-yellowgreen.svg"/></a> | ||
<a href="#"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/star-1-reen.svg"/></a> | ||
<a href="#"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/状态-正在更新中...-red.svg"/></a> | ||
</div> | ||
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## 1 内存管理概念 | ||
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### 1.1 内存管理的基本原理和要求 | ||
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内存管理的功能: | ||
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* 内存空间的分配与回收:由操作系统完成主存储器空间的分配和管理。 | ||
* 地址转换:逻辑地址 -> 物理地址 | ||
* 内存空间的扩充:利用虚拟存技术或自动覆盖技术,从逻辑上扩充内存。 | ||
* 存储的保护:保证各道作业在各自的存储空间内运行,互不干扰。 | ||
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### 1.1 程序装入和链接 | ||
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源程序变为可执行的文件过程:编译、链接、装入。 | ||
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 |
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本笔记整理自 B 站免费教程,仅供参考,建议去 B 站学习原教程。 | ||
## 1 参考文献 | ||
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[PHP基础丨Git零基础入门到实战详解](https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1sJ411D7xN) | ||
* [2019 王道考研 计算机网络](https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV19E411D78Q)[OL]. | ||
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* 王道论坛组编.计算机组成原理考验复习指导[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2020. | ||
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* 百度百科 | ||
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## 1 存储器的分类 | ||
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### 1.1 按在计算机中的作用(层次)分类 | ||
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* 主存储器(内存):用于存放活动的程序和数据,其速度高、容量较小、每位价位高。 | ||
* 辅助存储器(外存储器):主要用于存放当前不活跃的程序和数据,其速度慢、容量大、每位价位低。 | ||
* 缓冲存储器(Cache):位于 CPU 和 主存之间,主要在两个不同工作速度的部件起缓冲作用。 | ||
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### 1.2 按存储介质分类 | ||
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* 半导体存储器:用半导体器件组成的存储器。 | ||
* 磁表面存储器:用磁性材料做成的存储器。 | ||
* 光存储器:光盘。 | ||
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### 1.3 按存取方式分类 | ||
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* 随机存储器(RAM):任何存储单元的内容都能被随机存取,且存取时间和存储单元的物理位置无关。 | ||
* 串行访问存储器:只能按某种顺序来存取,存取时间与存储单元的物理位置有关。 | ||
* 只读存储器(ROM):只能读不能写。 | ||
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### 1.4 按信息的可保存性分类 | ||
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* 非永久记忆的存储器:断电后信息即消失的存储器。 | ||
* 永久记忆性存储器:断电后仍能保存信息的存储器。 | ||
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