Add the update ABI

[Centril]

Description of Changes

Fixes #2015.

Performance wise, this PR builds upon #2092, where the perf numbers were:

for i in {1..5}; do spacetime call basics update_positions_by_id -s local; done

2025-01-07T23:56:50.151582Z  INFO: : Timing span "update_positions_by_id": 1.516822083s
2025-01-07T23:56:52.097840Z  INFO: : Timing span "update_positions_by_id": 1.451819161s
2025-01-07T23:56:54.108770Z  INFO: : Timing span "update_positions_by_id": 1.547491017s
2025-01-07T23:56:56.071318Z  INFO: : Timing span "update_positions_by_id": 1.50619533s
2025-01-07T23:56:58.155637Z  INFO: : Timing span "update_positions_by_id": 1.569858904s

for i in {1..5}; do spacetime call basics update_positions_by_collect -s local; done

2025-01-07T23:52:44.146575Z  INFO: : Timing span "update_positions_by_collect": 1.10285933s
2025-01-07T23:52:45.743800Z  INFO: : Timing span "update_positions_by_collect": 1.071438136s
2025-01-07T23:52:47.273903Z  INFO: : Timing span "update_positions_by_collect": 1.060757941s
2025-01-07T23:52:48.852988Z  INFO: : Timing span "update_positions_by_collect": 1.089778179s
2025-01-07T23:52:50.448466Z  INFO: : Timing span "update_positions_by_collect": 1.058645907s

Perf numbers on this PR:

for i in {1..5}; do spacetime call basics update_positions_by_id -s local; done

2025-01-17T20:58:06.177181Z  INFO: : Timing span "update_positions_by_id": 961.479454ms
2025-01-17T20:58:07.874284Z  INFO: : Timing span "update_positions_by_id": 1.077129883s
2025-01-17T20:58:09.489971Z  INFO: : Timing span "update_positions_by_id": 1.132045087s
2025-01-17T20:58:11.187569Z  INFO: : Timing span "update_positions_by_id": 1.185711677s
2025-01-17T20:58:13.006517Z  INFO: : Timing span "update_positions_by_id": 1.196531793s

for i in {1..5}; do spacetime call basics update_positions_by_collect -s local; done

2025-01-21T04:14:53.970948Z  INFO: : Timing span "update_positions_by_collect": 664.876291ms
2025-01-21T04:14:55.258220Z  INFO: : Timing span "update_positions_by_collect": 651.551835ms
2025-01-21T04:14:56.600896Z  INFO: : Timing span "update_positions_by_collect": 667.1316ms
2025-01-21T04:14:57.722544Z  INFO: : Timing span "update_positions_by_collect": 638.108509ms
2025-01-21T04:14:58.980541Z  INFO: : Timing span "update_positions_by_collect": 642.46669ms

API and ABI breaking changes

This is additive in term of the syscall ABIs and in terms of the module bindings APIs, there isn't really any change.

Expected complexity level and risk

5, the datastore logic is rather complicated and critical.
However, there are a lot of tests now.

Testing

Lots of new tests are added named fn test_update_* that try to cover the complicated logic and to achieve near full path coverage.

Unlike other parts of our datastore with bugs in terms of create_index transactionality (e.g., btree_scan and iter_by_col_eq), this PR tries to be correct, which unfortunately makes the code all the less elegant.

Reviewer notes

I highly recommend hiding whitespace changes when reviewing.

[cloutiertyler]

I am approving the addition of the update_mut_tx function to crates/core/src/db/datastore/traits.rs

[gefjon]

Looks good, and I really appreciate the tests. Just a few minor questions, then I'll be happy to approve.

[bfops]

The SDK Tests failures should be addressed once clockworklabs/com.clockworklabs.spacetimedbsdk#223 merges.