DM-45738: Experiments with extending butler collections API

[timj]

Checklist

• ran Jenkins
• added a release note for user-visible changes to doc/changes
• (if changing dimensions.yaml) make a copy of dimensions.yaml in configs/old_dimensions

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 84.80000% with 57 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 89.54%. Comparing base (028a2be) to head (dc4b3cb).
Report is 27 commits behind head on main.

Files	Patch %	Lines
python/lsst/daf/butler/script/exportCalibs.py	10.00%	9 Missing ⚠️
python/lsst/daf/butler/_butler_collections.py	88.88%	2 Missing and 4 partials ⚠️
...thon/lsst/daf/butler/script/certifyCalibrations.py	0.00%	6 Missing ⚠️
python/lsst/daf/butler/script/transferDatasets.py	0.00%	5 Missing ⚠️
...butler/remote_butler/_remote_butler_collections.py	88.23%	2 Missing and 2 partials ⚠️
python/lsst/daf/butler/script/queryDatasetTypes.py	20.00%	3 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️
python/lsst/daf/butler/script/queryDatasets.py	71.42%	2 Missing and 2 partials ⚠️
tests/test_remote_butler.py	60.00%	4 Missing ⚠️
...butler/direct_butler/_direct_butler_collections.py	95.34%	2 Missing ⚠️
...on/lsst/daf/butler/remote_butler/_remote_butler.py	77.77%	2 Missing ⚠️
... and 7 more

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #1053      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   89.57%   89.54%   -0.04%     
==========================================
  Files         357      359       +2     
  Lines       46190    46382     +192     
  Branches     9487     9540      +53     
==========================================
+ Hits        41374    41531     +157     
- Misses       3484     3508      +24     
- Partials     1332     1343      +11     

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[TallJimbo]

We need to catch and reraise the SQLAlchemy error in order to have any chance at consistency between DirectButler and RemoteButler.

In fact, this seems like a good place to pull some of the CLI script logic into the Butler itself, by providing options for breaking parent relationships where necessary instead of just raising.